Benchmark response set at 1 standard deviation from the mean.

BMD = benchmark dose; BMD_L = benchmark dose lower confidence limit; BMD_U = benchmark dose upper confidence limit; GO = Gene Ontology.

Definitions of GO terms were adapted from the Gene Ontology Resource.²² Official gene symbols from the Rat Genome Database²³ are shown in the “Active Genes” column.

<20.3 = a best-fit model was identified and a BMD was estimated that was <1/3 the lowest nonzero dose tested.

GO process description version: https://doi​.org/10.22427​/NTP-DATA-002-00600-0002-000-0.²⁴

GO:0006693 prostaglandin metabolic process: The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites that contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.

GO:0042178 xenobiotic catabolic process: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicillin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.

GO:0042759 long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of long-chain fatty acids, any fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.

GO:0006749 glutathione metabolic process: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins; it has a specific role in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and oxidized ascorbate, and it participates in the gamma-glutamyl cycle.

GO:0043470 regulation of carbohydrate catabolic process: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates.

GO:0010799 regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.

GO:0010996 response to auditory stimulus: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auditory stimulus.

GO:0009410 response to xenobiotic stimulus: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicillin), or it can be a synthetic chemical.

GO:0071869 response to catecholamine: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catecholamine stimulus. A catecholamine is any of a group of biogenic amines that includes 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution.

GO:0006090 pyruvate metabolic process: The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.