| Study | Reason for Exclusion |
|---|---|
| Barber, M. D., Fearon, K. C., Tisdale, M. J., McMillan, D. C., Ross, J. A., Effect of a fish oil-enriched nutritional supplement on metabolic mediators in patients with pancreatic cancer cachexia, Nutrition & CancerNutr Cancer, 40, 118-24, 2001 | No study design - this study was uncontrolled (non-comparative). Only 28 patients |
| Barber, M. D., McMillan, D. C., Preston, T., Ross, J. A., Fearon, K. C., Metabolic response to feeding in weight-losing pancreatic cancer patients and its modulation by a fish-oil-enriched nutritional supplement, Clinical ScienceClin Sci (Colch), 98, 389-99, 2000 | No population -This study includes 16 weight-losing, non-diabetic patients with unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma and six healthy control (without PC). Therefore was excluded. |
| Barber, M. D., Ross, J. A., Preston, T., Shenkin, A., Fearon, K. C., Fish oil-enriched nutritional supplement attenuates progression of the acute-phase response in weight-losing patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, Journal of NutritionJ Nutr, 129, 1120-5, 1999 | This prospective cohort study was excluded why higher evidence for this comparison (Bauer 2005, Fearon 2003) has present. |
| Barber, M. D., Ross, J. A., Voss, A. C., Tisdale, M. J., Fearon, K. C., The effect of an oral nutritional supplement enriched with fish oil on weight-loss in patients with pancreatic cancer, British Journal of Cancer, 81, 80-6, 1999 | No study design - the aim of this study was to determine if a combination of EPA with a conventional oral nutritional supplement could produce weight gain in PC patients, BUT THE STUDY WAS uncontrolled |
| Bauer, J., Capra, S., Battistutta, D., Davidson, W., Ash, S., Cancer Cachexia Study, Group, Compliance with nutrition prescription improves outcomes in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer, Clinical Nutrition, 24, 998-1004, 2005 | No intervention/comparison of interest – this RCT aimed, in a post hoc analysis, to examine the effect of dietary compliance on intake and body composition in patients with unresectable PC. The participant were stratified in two groups based on compliance with the nutrition prescription of consumption of a minimum of 1.5 cans/day of an energy and protein dense oral nutrition supplement±EPA. |
| Berry, A. J., Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy during pancreatic insufficiency, Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 29, 312-21, 2014 | No population - This trial doesn’t report outcomes of interest and as well doesn’t provide sufficient details about the study population characteristics. |
| Braga, M., Bissolati, M., Rocchetti, S., Beneduce, A., Pecorelli, N., Di Carlo, V., Oral preoperative antioxidants in pancreatic surgery: a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial, NutritionNutrition, 28, 160-4, 2012 | No population - This trial doesn’t report outcomes of interest and as well doesn’t provide sufficient details about the study population characteristics. |
| Chabot, J. A., Tsai, W. Y., Fine, R. L., Chen, C., Kumah, C. K., Antman, K. A., Grann, V. R., Pancreatic proteolytic enzyme therapy compared with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 28, 2058-2063, 2010 | This prospective cohort study was excluded why didn’t include a relevant control according the study protocol (Pancreatic enzyme therapy versus chemotherapy) and also because a higher study design was included that evaluated the effectiveness of Pancreatic enzyme therapy (Bruno 1998) |
| Davidson W, Ash S, Capra S, Bauer J; Cancer Cachexia Study Group. Weight stabilisation is associated with improved survival duration and quality of life in unresectable pancreatic cancer. Clin Nutr. 2004 Apr;23(2):239-47. | This was a post hoc analysis of Fearon et al., (2003) and was excluded from the review, as the study design was not appropriate. The aim of this study was to determine whether stabilising weight loss for patients with unresectable PC was associated with improved survival and quality of life, but want clear the methods used to pool data and to keep the randomisation from the original RCT (Fearon 2003) |
| Di Carlo, V., Gianotti, L., Balzano, G., Zerbi, A., Braga, M., Complications of pancreatic surgery and the role of perioperative nutrition, Digestive surgery, 16, 320-6, 1999 | This RCT involves 100 patients and it is likely to be an interim analysis of a more recent RTC (N=212) which compares the same interventions, focusing on the same outcomes, come from the same study setting (Italy – S. Raffaele hospital) and has the same Authorship (Giannotti et al. 2000). Therefore has been excluded from the review. |
| Falconi, M., Contro, C., Ballabio, M., Bassi, C., Salvia, R., Pederzoli, P., Evaluation of lanreotide effects on human exocrine pancreatic secretion after a single dose: preliminary study, Digestive & Liver DiseaseDig Liver Dis, 34, 127-32, 2002 | No study design - cross-over trial of 7 patients |
| Gartner, S., Kruger, J., Aghdassi, A. A., Steveling, A., Simon, P., Lerch, M. M., Mayerle, J., Nutrition in Pancreatic Cancer: A Review, Gastrointestinal TumorsGastrointest, 2, 195-202, 2016 | No study design - This review evaluates the different nutritional therapies on nutritional status, quality of life and survival in PC - but do not meta-analyses the outcomes data of the included studies. |
| Hallay, J., Micskei, C., Fulesdi, B., Kovacs, G., Szentkereszty, Z., Takacs, I., Sipka, S., Bodolay, E., Sapy, P., Use of three lumen catheter facilitates bowel movement after pancreato-duodenectomy, Hepato-GastroenterologyHepatogastroenterology, 55, 1099-102, 2008 | No intervention of interest |
| Harle, L., Brown, T., Laheru, D., Dobs, A. S., Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of cancer cachexia: issues in designing clinical trials of dietary supplements, Journal of Alternative & Complementary MedicineJ Altern Complement Med, 11, 1039-46, 2005 | No study design - study protocol |
| Heller, A. R., Rossel, T., Gottschlich, B., Tiebel, O., Menschikowski, M., Litz, R. J., Zimmermann, T., Koch, T., Omega-3 fatty acids improve liver and pancreas function in postoperative cancer patients, International Journal of CancerInt J Cancer, 111, 611-6, 2004 | No population - this trial includes patients (n=123) undergoing surgery for pancreatic or gastric cancer, without reporting details about the number of patients with PC |
| Jo, S., Choi, S. H., Heo, J. S., Kim, E. M., Min, M. S., Choi, D. W., Seo, J. M., Chung, J. C., Kim, Y. I., Missing effect of glutamine supplementation on the surgical outcome after pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary tumors: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial, World Journal of Surgery, 30, 1974-82; discussion 1983-4, 2006 | No population - Patients with PC are less than 35% of the entire study sample (n= 21/60) |
| Klek, S., Sierzega, M., Szybinski, P., Szczepanek, K., Scislo, L., Walewska, E., Kulig, J., The immunomodulating enteral nutrition in malnourished surgical patients - a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, Clinical NutritionClin Nutr, 30, 282-8, 2011 | No population - this trial includes patients (n=123) undergoing resection for pancreatic or gastric cancer, without reporting detail about the number of patients with PC |
| Kokosis, G., Perez, A., Pappas, T. N., Post-operative nutrition in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy, Journal of Surgical Radiology, 4, 6-11, 2013 | No intervention of interest |
| Ma, Y. J., Yu, J., Xiao, J., Cao, B. W., The consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improves clinical outcomes and prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients: a systematic evaluation, Nutrition & CancerNutr Cancer, 67, 112-8, 2015 | No study design - this MA was aimed to systematically evaluate results of trials examining the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption on body weight, lean body mass, resting energy expenditure, and overall survival in pancreatic cancer patients - but included studies with no PC populations or uncontrolled |
| Mack, L. A., Kaklamanos, I. G., Livingstone, A. S., Levi, J. U., Robinson, C., Sleeman, D., Franceschi, D., Bathe, O. F., Gastric decompression and enteral feeding through a double-lumen gastrojejunostomy tube improves outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy, Annals of Surgery, 240, 845-851, 2004 | No intervention of interest |
| Marten, A., Wente, M. N., Ose, J., Buchler, M. W., Rotzer, I., Decker-Baumann, C., Karapanagiotou-Schenkel, I., Harig, S., Schmidt, J., Jager, D., An open label randomized multicentre phase IIIb trial comparing parenteral substitution versus best supportive nutritional care in subjects with pancreatic adenocarcinoma receiving 5-FU plus oxaliplatin as 2nd or higher line chemotherapy regarding clinical benefit - PANUSCO, BMC Cancer, 9, 412, 2009 | No study design - study protocol |
| Mossner, J., Keim, V., Treatment with pancreatic enzymes. [German, English], Deutsches Arzteblatt, 108, 578-582, 2011 | No population - no PC |
| Nagata, S., Fukuzawa, K., Iwashita, Y., Kabashima, A., Kinoshita, T., Wakasugi, K., Maehara, Y., Comparison of enteral nutrition with combined enteral and parenteral nutrition in post-pancreaticoduodenectomy patients: a pilot study, Nutrition journal, 8, 24, 2009 | No study design -This prospective cohort study was excluded because included only 18 patients |
| Okabayashi, T., Nishimori, I., Yamashita, K., Sugimoto, T., Namikawa, T., Maeda, H., Yatabe, T., Hanazaki, K., Preoperative oral supplementation with carbohydrate and branched-chain amino acid-enriched nutrient improves insulin resistance in patients undergoing a hepatectomy: a randomized clinical trial using an artificial pancreas, Amino acids, 38, 901-7, 2010 | No population - no pancreatic cancer patients |
| Park, J. S., Chung, H. K., Hwang, H. K., Kim, J. K., Yoon, D. S., Postoperative nutritional effects of early enteral feeding compared with total parental nutrition in pancreaticoduodectomy patients: a prosepective, randomized study, Journal of Korean medical science, 27, 261-7, 2012 | No population - Patients with PC are less than 36% of the entire study sample (14/38) - 64% Periampullary |
| Pemberton, L. B., Ross, V., Cuddy, P., Kremer, H., Fessler, T., McGurk, E., No difference in catheter sepsis between standard and antiseptic central venous catheters. A prospective randomized trial, Archives of SurgeryArch Surg, 131, 986-9, 1996 | No population - no pancreatic cancer |
| Richter, S., Uslar, V., Tabriz, N., Mueser, T., Weyhe, D., Progressive postresection program (pPRP) after pancreatic resection: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial, 17, 74, 2016 | No study design - study protocol |
| Slotwinski, R., Olszewski, W., Slodkowski, M., Lech, G., Zaleska, M., Kedziora, S., Wluka, A., Domaszewska, A., Slotwinska, S., Krasnodebski, W., Wojcik, Z., Apoptosis in lymphocytes of pancreatic cancer patients: influence of preoperative enteral immunonutrition and extensive surgery, Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis, 59, 385-97, 2011 | No outcomes of interest |
| Tseng, D. S., Molenaar, I. Q., Besselink, M. G., van Eijck, C. H., Borel Rinkes, I. H., van Santvoort, H. C., Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency in Patients With Pancreatic or Periampullary Cancer: A Systematic Review, Pancreas, 45, 325-30, 2016 | No intervention of interest |
| Vashi, P., Popiel, B., Lammersfeld, C., Gupta, D., Outcomes of systematic nutritional assessment and medical nutrition therapy in pancreatic cancer, Pancreas, 44, 750-5, 2015 | No study design - non-comparative trial |
| Wigmore, S. J., Barber, M. D., Ross, J. A., Tisdale, M. J., Fearon, K. C., Effect of oral eicosapentaenoic acid on weight loss in patients with pancreatic cancer, Nutrition & CancerNutr Cancer, 36, 177-84, 2000 | No study design - the aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptability and effects of oral supplementation with high-purity EPA in weight-losing patients with advanced pancreatic cancer but the study was uncontrolled |
| Wigmore, S. J., Ross, J. A., Falconer, J. S., Plester, C. E., Tisdale, M. J., Carter, D. C., Fearon, K. C., The effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the progress of cachexia in patients with pancreatic cancer, Nutrition, 12, S27-30, 1996 | No study design - this study was uncontrolled (non-comparative). Only 18 patients |
| Yokoyama, Y., Ebata, T., Igami, T., Sugawara, G., Nagino, M., Is the enteral replacement of externally drained pancreatic juice valuable after pancreatoduodenectomy?, Surgery Today, 44, 252-9, 2014 | No population - Patients with PC are less than 26% of the entire study sample (n= 12/46) |
| Mack, L. A., Kaklamanos, I. G., Livingstone, A. S., Levi, J. U., Robinson, C., Sleeman, D., Franceschi, D., Bathe, O. F., Gastric decompression and enteral feeding through a double-lumen gastrojejunostomy tube improves outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy, Annals of Surgery, 240, 845-851, 2004 | No intervention of interest – this feasibility study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of prescribing pancreatic extract (Creon®) for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. This intervention was not included in the PICO question |
From: Appendix G, Excluded studies
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