Change in weight (kg)

Change in weight z score

Change in FEV₁ (% predicted)

Number of pulmonary exacerbations

Number of adverse effects

Change in weight (kg)

Change in weight z score

Change in BMI z score

Change in % ideal body weight

Change in weight % for age

Change in height (cm)

Change in height z score

Change in FEV₁ % predicted

Change in weight

Change in FEV₁ % predicted

Change in weight (kg)

Change in weight centile (percentile points)

Change in weight z score

Change in BMI (kg/m2)

Change in BMI centile (percentile points)

Change in weight for height (percentage)

Change in height (cm)

Change in height centile (percentile points)

Change in height z score

Change in FEV₁ (% predicted)

Megestrol acetate 10 mg/kg/day (adjusted at subsequent visits)

Age: > 6 years

Inclusion criteria: pancreatic insufficiency, FEV₁>40% growth failure defined as no weight gain in the preceding 6 months

Change in weight (kg)

Change in weight z score

Change in FEV₁%

Number of pulmonary exacerbations

Number of adverse events:

• Constipation
• Decreased morning cortisol levels

Age: 7 to 15 years

Inclusion criteria: not reported

Change in weight (kg)

Change in weight a s% expected for age and height

Change in height as % of expected for age

Change in FEV₁ % predicted

Age: ≥5 years

Inclusion criteria: Ideal body weight for height <100%

Change in weight z score

Change in height (cm)

Change in BMI (kg/m²)

Change in BMI percentile

Change in % ideal body weight

High calorie drink to increase energy intake by 20% of predicted energy needs

Nutritional counselling to increase energy intake by 20% of predicted energy needs by eating high calorie foods.

N=15 participants with CF were enrolled but 2 dropped out

Participants were aged >10 years.

Mean (SD) age on entry to trial: advice group: 16.4 years (6.7); supplement group: 19.5 years (11.3).

< 90% ideal WFH or 5% reduction in ideal WFH over 3 months

Change in weight (kg)

Change in weight z score

Change in weight for height (%)

Change in % ideal body weight

Change in height (cm)

Change in height z score

Change in FEV₁ (% predicted)

Megasterol acetate 10 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks

Age: mean age 7.4 years. Range: 21 months to 10.4 years

Inclusion criteria were loss of weight or plateau in weight gain for more than 3 months, weight-for-height less than 85%, and a negative change in weight z score

Change in weight z score

Number of pulmonary exacerbations

Fasting blood glucose levels

Decreased morning cortisol levels

Children with at least 1 of following criteria: BMI <25th centile but > 0.4th centile; or no increase in weight over the previous 3 months; or 5% decrease in weight from baseline over a period of < 6 months

Change in weight (kg)

Change in weight centile (percentile points)

Change in BMI (kg/m2)

Change in BMI centile (percentile points)

Change in height (cm)

Change in height centile (percentile points)

Change in FEV₁ % predicted

Nutrition intervention with strategies for enhancing calorie intake

Behavioural management training for parents designed to encourage children to eat food consistent with CF dietary recommendations.

(intervention 1: n=7, intervention 2: n=5).

Age: Less than 3 years old.

Pancreatic insufficiency.

Change in weight (kg)

Change in % ideal body weight

Change in weight % for age

Change in height (cm)

7 weekly sessions - baseline assessment plus snack, breakfast, relaxation skills training, lunch, dinner and maintenance strategies targeted over following 7 sessions.

Parent meeting and 7-day food diaries at times corresponding to baseline and last week of intervention

1 withdrew from control group after randomisation.

Total sample n = 9 (intervention group: n=5, control group: n=4).

Age range: 5.3 years to 10.1 years; mean (SD) age: 7.3 years (1.7).

Change in weight (kg)

Change in weight (z score)

Change in height (cm)

Change in FEV₁ % predicted

Behavioural intervention in group setting for change around nutrition an energy (Be-In-CHARGE!; n = 33) (available online at www​.oup.com/us/pediatricpsych).

Nutrition education in group setting

Number randomised, n = 79

Received the intervention, n=67 (behavioural intervention plus nutrition education: n = 33, nutrition education: n = 34)

Age: 4 to 12 years

With pancreatic insufficiency; and weight for age and height ≤ 40th percentile.

Change in weight (kg)

Change in BMI z score change

Change in height (cm)

Change in height z score

FEV₁ change

Parent satisfaction (reported narratively)

General and disease-specific nutrition education (’Eat Well with CF’)

Content: knowledge on general and disease-specific nutrition topics; self-management skills on goal setting in small incremental steps to establish new behaviours

Mode of delivery: written material; supplementary workshops (introductory, weeks 5 and 10) and weekly telephone calls delivered by a dietitian

participants were enrolled and stratified by disease severity into low or high risk disease.

Participants were randomly allocated into intervention (n = 37) and control (n = 37) group

48 participants completed the study through to 12-month follow-up assessment (23 in intervention group, 25 in control group)

Age: intervention group 26.4 (17.2–43.2) years; control group 24.2 (16.9–38.1) years

Change in FEV₁ (% predicted)

Change in weight

Quality of life (narrative reporting and p values only)

Age range: 2 to 20 years

Each child in the intervention group was pair-matched on age, sex, pancreatic status, BMI and lung function with a children from the control group

Children who had a gastrostomy for reasons other than nutritional supplementation were excluded

Change in weight z-score

Change in BMI z-score

Change in height z-score

Change in FEV₁ % predicted

Individualized nutritional counselling targeting increased energy intake and behavioural child management skills

Education on general nutrition information and other topics (e.g. infection control and bicycle safety)

Age: 2 to 6 years

Confirmed pancreatic insufficiency; no restrictions in consuming a high-fat diet.

Change in weight z score

Change in height z score

Number of adverse events (digestive system)

Supplemental enteral tube feeding administered over 3 years

Overnight enteral tube feed

N=21 adults with CF (intervention: n=15, control: n=6)

Mean (SD) age: intervention: 21.8 (3.6); control: 23.0 (5.7)

All study participants fulfilled the criteria for commencement of enteral tube feeding (CF Trust, 2002): BMI<19 kg/m2 and/or 5% acute weight loss over a 2 month period with a failure or oral nutritional supplements to adequately improve nutritional status.

Change in weight (kg)

Change in BMI (kg/m2)

Change in FEV₁ (%)

Change in IV treatment days