| Domain | Description of applicability of evidence |
|---|---|
| Population | Study participants ranged in age from 2 to 12 years, with no information available about co-morbidities, except one study that included children with severe maladaptive behavior. Severity of autism was not well described and the degree of intellectual disability was not well characterized in most studies. One GFCF study required participants to be concurrently enrolled in a comprehensive ABA program. Use of concomitant medications was not noted in most studies. One study recruited children with known allergies or food intolerances. |
| Intervention | Gluten-free casein-free diet, gluten-free diet, gluten dairy-free diet, raw and boiled camel milk. |
| Comparators | Comparators included gluten and dairy diet, gluten-containig challenge foods, usual diet, placebo and cow milk. |
| Outcomes | Outcomes included autism severity scores, problem behaviors including maladaptive behavior, sleep, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Assessments used in the studies included ADOS, CARS, Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS), Ritvo-Freeman Real Life rating scales, ADHD-IV scale, Conner’s Behavior Rating scale, VABS, Pervasive Developmental Disorder Behavior Inventory, sleep diaries, and Gastrointestinal symptom severity index. |
| Setting | Studies were conducted in academic medical centers located in the United States, Belgium, Denmark, Iran, Norway, and Saudi Arabia. |
From: Appendix E, Applicability Summary Tables
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