| Study | Population * | Source | Relative risk ** (95% confidence interval) | Adjustment factors | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | ||||
| Lee et al. 1986 | Women 7 cases 318 controls Men 41 cases 133 controls United Kingdom | Hospital | Hospital | Women: 0.9 (0.6-1.7) 0.4 (0.1-1.4) ** Men: 1.2 (0.6-2.8) 0.8 (0.2-2.0)§ | Not available |
| He 1989 | Women
>§<§
34 cases 68 controls China | Hospital | Hospital and population | Women: 1.5 (1.3-1.8) | Alcohol use; exercise; personal and family history of CHD, hypertension, hyperlipidemia |
| Jackson 1989 | Women¶ 22 cases 174 controls Men¶ 44 cases 84 controls New Zealand | Hospital Myocardial infarction Death from CHD | Hospital | Women: 2.7
(0.6-12.3)¶¶
Men: 1.0 (0.3-3.0)¶¶ Women: 5.8 (1.0-35.2)¶¶ Men: 1.1 (0.2-5.3)¶¶ | Age, social status, history of CHD |
| Dobson et al. 1991b | Women¶ 160 cases 532 controls Men¶ 183 cases 293 controls Australia | Hospital deaths from myocardial infarction and CHD | Community-based surveyof risk | Women: 2.5
(1.5-4.1)¶¶
Men: 1.0 (0.5-1.8)¶¶ | Age, history of myocardial infarction |
| La Vecchia et al. 1993a | Women 43 cases 56 controls Men 64 cases 161 controls Italy | Hospital | Hospital | Women and men: 1.2 (0.6-2.5) *** | Gender, age, coffee intake, body mass index, cholesterol level, diabetes, hypertension, family history of myocardial infarction |
| He et al. 1994 | Women 59 cases 126 controls China | Hospital | Hospital Population | Women: 1.2 (0.6-1.8) 1.9 (0.9-4.0) | Age, type A personality, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, history of hypertension |
| Layard 1995 | Women 914 cases 969 controls Men 475 cases 998 controls National Mortality Follow-back Survey United States | Deaths from ischemic heart disease identified in survey | Deaths from unspecified causes not related to smoking | Women: 1.0 (0.8-1.2) Men: 1.0 (0.7-1.3) | Age, race |
| Muscat and Wynder 1995a | Women 46 cases 50 controls Men 68 cases 108 controls 4 U.S. cities | Hospital | Hospital | Women and men: 1.5 (0.9-2.6)
***
Women: 1.3 (0.7-2.4) *** Men: 1.7 (0.7-3.7) *** | Age, education, hypertension |
| Tunstall-Pedoe et al. 1995 | Women and men 70 cases 2,278 controls Scotland | General practitioner list; self-report of a diagnosed CHD | General practitioner list; self-report of a diagnosed CHD | Women and men:2.4 (1.1-4.8)§§ | Age, housing, tenure, cholesterol level, diastolic blood pressure |
| Ciruzzi et al. 1998 | Women 180 cases 218 controls Men 156 cases 228 controls 10 South American countries | Hospital | Hospital | Women: 1.5
(0.95-2.5)§§§§
Men: 1.9 (1.1-3.2) | Age, cholesterol level, diabetes, hypertension, body mass index, education, socioeconomic status, exercise, family history of myocardial infarction |
Unless otherwise specified, study population never smoked.
Unless otherwise specified, relative risk from any exposure to ETS from spouse vs. no exposure.
ETS score 5-12 vs. 0-1, including ETS exposure at home, work, travel, and leisure.
Nonsmokers.
but unclear whether population never smoked.
For any exposure to ETS at home vs. no exposure.
Spouse was current smoker vs. spouse did not smoke.
For any ETS exposure including spouse, work, transportation, and other vs. no exposure.
Any exposure to ETS from someone else in last 3 days.
One or more relatives smoking.
From: Chapter 3. Health Consequences of Tobacco Use Among Women
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