| Study | Population | Smoking status | Age-adjusted relative risk (95% confidence interval) | Multivariate analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relative risk (95% confidence interval) | Adjustment factors | ||||
| Paganini-Hill et al. 1981 | 83 community cases, 166 community controls
Postmenopausal, aged <80 years | Postmenopausal smokers 1-10 cigarettes/day > 11 cigarettes/day | 0.9
*
1.7 * | 1.1
*
2.0 * | Age, estrogen use, oophorectomy |
| Williams et al. 1982 | 160 hospital cases, 567 community controls
Aged 50-74 years | Risk elevated in smokers | |||
| Kreiger and Hilditch 1986 | 98 hospital cases, 884 hospital controls
Aged 45-74 years | Ever smoked | 1.5
**
1.8 * | 1.3
**
1.3 * | Age, body mass, lactation, ovariectomy, estrogen use |
| La Vecchia et al. 1991b | 209 hospital cases, 1,449 hospital controls
Median age 62 years | Current smokers | 1.6 (1.0-2.3) | 1.5 (1.0-2.1) | Age, body mass, education, menopausal status, estrogen use, alcohol use |
| Kreiger et al. 1992 | 102 hospital cases, 277 hospital controls
Mean age 74 years | Current smokers | 2.7 (1.5-4.8) | 1.7 (0.9-3.3) | Age, body mass, ovariectomy, estrogen use |
| Jaglal et al. 1993 | 381 hospital cases, 1,138 controls from
population Aged 55-84 years | > 60 pack-years | 1.4 (0.7-2.8) ** | 1.2 (0.6-2.5) | Multiple variables, including age, body mass, estrogen use, physical activity |
| Yamamoto et al. 1993 | 100 cases, 100 controls Population sample
Aged > 35 years | Habitual smokers | 1.5 (0.5-4.7) | ||
| Grisso et al. 1994 | 144 hospital cases, 218 controls from
population Aged > 45 years | Current smokers | Not reported | 1.3 (0.7-2.6) | Age, body mass, residence area |
| Johnell et al. 1995 | 2,086 cases from population, 3,532 controls
from population or neighbors Mean age 78 years | Current smokers | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | Body mass; mental score; intake of tea, coffee, alcohol, calcium; physical activity |
| Michaelsson et al. 1995 | 247 cases, 893 controls Population sample | Current smokers, >20 pack-years | 1.8 (1.0-3.2)§ | 1.6 (0.9-3.0) | Multiple variables, including body mass, height, estrogen use, physical activity |
95% confidence interval was not reported.
Two control groups.
Not adjusted for age.
From: Chapter 3. Health Consequences of Tobacco Use Among Women
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