Table 3.40. Difference in birth weight between infants born to women nonsmokers and those born to women smokers

StudyStudy typePopulationStudy periodNumber of birthsSmoking statusDifference in mean birth weight (g)
Mathai et al. 1990 CohortUnited Kingdom1987285Nonsmokers/smokers-66
Ahlsten et al. 1993 CohortSweden19873,476Nonsmokers/smokers-211
Aronson et al. 1993 CohortUnited States19911,282Nonsmokers/smokers-258
Backe 1993 CohortNorway1988-19891,827Nonsmokers/smokers
1-5 cigarettes/day
6-10 cigarettes/day
11-15 cigarettes/day
16-20 cigarettes/day
>20 cigarettes/day		-182
-120
-201
-278
-347
+70
Castro et al. 1993 CohortUnited States1986-19907,741Nonsmokers/smokers-150
Li et al. 1993 InterventionUnited States1986-1991803Smokers *
101-200 ng/mL
>200 ng/mL		Blacks
-150
-76		Whites
-103
-63
Wilcox 1993 CohortUnited States1980-1984257,698Nonsmokers/smokers-320
English et al. 1994 CohortUnited States1959-19663,343Nonsmokers/smokers
<10 cigarettes/day
10-20 cigarettes/day
>20 cigarettes/day		Blacks
-211
-215
-277		Whites
-131
-151
-207
Muscati et al. 1994 CohortCanada1979-19891,330Nonsmokers/smokers-305
Cliver et al. 1995 CohortUnited States1985-19881,205Nonsmokers/smokers-130
Conter et al. 1995 Cross-sectionalItaly1973-198112,987Nonsmokers/smokers
1-9 cigarettes/day
> 10 cigarettes/day		Girls
-88
-168		Boys
-107
-247
Eskenazi et al. 1995b CohortUnited States1964-19673,529Nonsmokers/smokers **
0-78 ng/mL
79-165 ng/mL
>165 ng/mL		-78
-191
-233
Murphy et al. 1996 CohortAlaska Natives1989-19918,994Nonsmokers/smokers
1-5 cigarettes/day
6-10 cigarettes/day
>10 cigarettes/day		-142
-239
-311
Zaren et al. 1996 CohortNorway and Sweden1986-1988933Nonsmokers/smokers
1-9 cigarettes/day
> 10 cigarettes/day		-231
-178
-263
*

Smokers with serum levels of cotinine <100 ng/mL after 32 weeks' gestation were compared with smokers who had higher levels.

**

Smokers in each category of serum cotinine level were compared with nonsmokers.

From: Chapter 3. Health Consequences of Tobacco Use Among Women

Cover of Women and Smoking
Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General.
Office on Smoking and Health (US).
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