| Study | Population | Duration of amenorrhea before menopause | Smoking status comparison | Decrease in mean or median age at menopause (years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bailey et al. 1977 | 475 participants in health screening program United Kingdom | NR * | Current vs. former and never | 1.3 ** |
| Jick et al. 1977 | 1,842 hospital patients 1,253 hospital patients United States | NR NR | Current vs. never Current vs. never | 1.7
**
1.3 |
| McNamara et al. 1978 | 926 from general population United States | 12 months | Current vs. never and former | 0.8§ |
| Lindquist and Bengtsson 1979 | 873 from population sample Sweden | 5 months | Current vs. never and former | 1.2 ** |
| Kaufman et al. 1980 | 656 hospital patients United States | NR | Current vs. never Former vs. never | 1.7
>§<§
0.2 >§<§ |
| Adena and Gallagher 1982 | 10,995 participants in multiphasic health screening
program Australia | 6 months | Current vs. never Former vs. never | 1.0 ** 0.4§ |
| Andersen et al. 1982b | 5,645 from population sample Denmark | 6 months | Current vs. never and former | 1.0§ |
| Willett et al. 1983 | 66,663 nurses United States | NR | Current (15-25 cigarettes/day) vs. never | 1.4§ |
| McKinlay et al. 1985 | 5,350 from population sample United States | 12 months | Current vs. never and former | 1.7§ |
| Everson et al. 1986 | 261 controls United States | NR | Current vs. never | 1.1§ |
| Hiatt and Fireman 1986 | 5,346 health maintenance organization members with multiphasic health examination United States | NR | Current vs. never Former vs. never | 0.9
**
0.5 ** |
| Stanford et al. 1987a | 1,472 participants in mammography screening
program United States | 3 months | Ever vs. never | 0.3§ |
| McKinlay et al. 1992 | 2,570 from population sample United States | 12 months | Current vs. never and former | 1.8§ |
| Luoto et al. 1994 | 1,505 from population sample Finland | NR | Current vs. never and former | 1.6§ |
| Willett et al. 1983 | 66,663 nurses United States | NR | Current (15-25 cigarettes/day) vs. never | 1.4§ |
| McKinlay et al. 1985 | 5,350 from population sample United States | 12 months | Current vs. never and former | 1.7§ |
| Everson et al. 1986 | 261 controls United States | NR | Current vs. never | 1.1§ |
| Hiatt and Fireman 1986 | 5,346 health maintenance organization members with multiphasic health examination United States | NR | Current vs. never Former vs. never | 0.9
**
0.5 ** |
| Stanford et al. 1987a | 1,472 participants in mammography screening
program United States | 3 months | Ever vs. never | 0.3§ |
| McKinlay et al. 1992 | 2,570 from population sample United States | 12 months | Current vs. never and former | 1.8§ |
| Luoto et al. 1994 | 1,505 from population sample Finland | NR | Current vs. never and former | 1.6§ |
NR = Value not specified in report of study.
**Difference in mean ages.
§Difference in median ages.
>§<§Difference in ages at menopause computed by Adena and Gallagher (1982).
From: Chapter 3. Health Consequences of Tobacco Use Among Women
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