| Study | Study type/ population | Findings | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Menstrual irregularity | Secondary amenorrhea | ||
| Hammond 1961 | Cohort Aged 30-39study United States | Prevalence Aged years 1,050 never smoked: 16.3% * 842 current smokers: 18.2% * | |
| Pettersson et al. 1973 | Population survey Aged 18-45 years Sweden | Prevalence 824 never smoked: 3.7% 262 former smokers: 5.9% 773 current smokers: 4.8% | |
| Brown et al. 1988 | Medical practice-based survey Aged 18-49 years England | Prevalence 1,006 never smoked: 8.9% 458 former smokers: 9.0% 628 current smokers: 14.6% | |
| Davies et al. 1990 | Case-control study Clinic patients Aged 16-40 years England | Unadjusted relative risk for ever smoking and amenorrhea = 2.1 ** | |
| Johnson and Whitaker 1992 | Population survey High school students United States | Adjusted relative risk for smokers of > 1 pack/day: 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-3.1) | |
| Hornsby et al. 1998 | Follow-up study Aged 37-39 years United States | Standard deviation of cycle length 275 nonsmokers: 2.1 days 83 smokers: 2.5 days | |
Amenorrhea among women who ever had menstrual periods.
Computed from data presented in report.
From: Chapter 3. Health Consequences of Tobacco Use Among Women
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