| Study | Population | Number of cases | Number of controls | Source of controls | Type of stroke | Smoking status | Relative risk (95% confidence interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Donnan et al. 1989 | Women Aged 25-85 years Australia | 166 hospitalized for stroke | 166 | General population | Cerebral ischemia | Never smoked Current smokers | 1.0 3.0 (1.3-7.1) |
| Gill et al. 1989 | Women Mean age, 53.4 years United Kingdom | 281 hospitalized for stroke | 303 | Participants in factory screening survey | Total | Never smoked | 1.0 |
| Current smokers 1-10 cigarettes/day | 1.8 (0.7-4.7) | ||||||
| 11-20 cigarettes/day | 1.6 (0.8-3.0) | ||||||
| >20 cigarettes/day | 2.8 (1.7-4.7) | ||||||
| Cerebral infarction | Never smoked Current smokers | 1.0 2.3 (1.2-4.2) | |||||
| Cerebral hemorrhage | Never smoked Current smokers | 1.0 1.3 (0.5-3.4) | |||||
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | Never smoked Current smokers | 1.0 2.5 (1.4-4.5) | |||||
| Thompson et al. 1989 | Women physicians Aged 45-69 years United Kingdom | 37 fatal stroke 207 nonfatal stroke | 488 | Women physicians | Total | Never smoked Current smokers | 1.0 2.3 * |
| Longstreth et al. 1992 | Women > 18 years United States | 103 subarachnoid hemorrhage | 206 | General population | Subarachnoid hemorrhage | Never smoked Current smokers | 1.0 4.6 (2.6-8.1) |
| Morris et al. 1992 | Women admitted to Department of
Neurosurgery United Kingdom | 131 subarachnoid hemorrhage | 131 | Women admitted with nonvascular or spinal pathologic condition | Subarachnoid hemorrhage | Never smoked Current smokers | 1.0 1.9 (1.4-2.6) |
| Juvela et al. 1993 | Women Aged 15-60 years Finland | 133 hospitalized with subarachnoid hemorrhage | 150 | Hospitalized women | Subarachnoid hemorrhage | Never smoked | 1.0 |
| Current smokers | 2.4 (1.5-3.9) | ||||||
| < 10 cigarettes/day | 1.2 (0.5-2.7) | ||||||
| 11-20 cigarettes/day | 3.6 (1.3-9.6) | ||||||
| >20 cigarettes/day | 2.0 (0.95-4.1) | ||||||
| Lidegaard 1993 | Women Aged 15-44 years | 321 hospitalized for stroke | 1,198 | General population | Ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack | Never smoked | 1.0 |
| Current smokers <10 cigarettes/day | 1.6 (1.1-2.6) | ||||||
| > 10 cigarettes/day | 1.5 (1.1-2.0) | ||||||
| Hannaford et al. 1994 | Denmark Women physicians Aged 21-70 years United Kingdom | 253 incident stroke or amaurosis fugax | 759 | Nested in cohort | Incident stroke or amaurosis fugax | Never smoked | 1.0 |
| Current smokers 1-14 cigarettes/day | 2.1 (1.5-2.9) | ||||||
| > 15 cigarettes/day | 2.5 (1.7-3.7) | ||||||
| Pedersen et al. 1997 | Women Aged 45-64 years Denmark | Hospitalized for cerebrovascular
attack and surviving 160 subarachnoid hemorrhage 835 thromboembolic infarction 321 transient ischemic attack | 3,171 | General population | Subarachnoid hemorrhage | Never smoked | 1.0 |
| Current smokers 1-10 cigarettes/day | 3.7 (2.2-6.1) | ||||||
| 11-20 cigarettes/day | 4.4 (2.7-7.1) | ||||||
| >20 cigarettes/day | 3.7 (1.1-12.0) | ||||||
| Thromboembolic infarction | Never smoked | 1.0 | |||||
| Current smokers 1-10 cigarettes/day | 2.4 (1.8-3.2) | ||||||
| 11-20 cigarettes/day | 3.4 (2.6-4.5) | ||||||
| >20 cigarettes/day | 6.4 (3.7-11.0) | ||||||
| Transient ischemic attack | Never smoked | 1.0 | |||||
| Current smokers 1-10 cigarettes/day | 2.5 (1.7-3.7) | ||||||
| 11-20 cigarettes/day | 2.8 (1.9-4.1) | ||||||
| >20 cigarettes/day | 3.9 (1.7-9.0) |
95% confidence interval was not reported.
From: Chapter 3. Health Consequences of Tobacco Use Among Women
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