| Study | Population | Number of years of follow-up | Outcome | Number of cases | Smoking status | Relative risk (95% confidence interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cederlöf et al. 1975 | 28,000 women Aged 18-69 years Sweden | 10 | Death from CHD | 457 | Never smoked | 1.0 |
| Current smokers | ||||||
| Aged 50-59 years | 2.6 * | |||||
| Aged 60-69 years | 1.1 * | |||||
| Doll et al. 1980 | 6,194 women physicians Aged > 20 years United Kingdom | 22 | Death from CHD | 179 | Never smoked | 1.0 |
| Current smokers | ||||||
| 1-14 cigarettes/day | 1.0 * | |||||
| 15-24 cigarettes/day | 2.2 * | |||||
| > 25 cigarettes/day | 2.1 * | |||||
| Barrett-Connor et al. 1987 | 2,048 women Aged 50-79 years United States | 10 | Death from CHD | 59 | Aged 50-64 years | |
| Never smoked | 1.0 | |||||
| Current smokers | 2.7 * | |||||
| Aged 65-79 years | ||||||
| Never smoked | 1.0 | |||||
| Current smokers | 1.0 * | |||||
| Hirayama 1990 | 142,857 women Aged > 40 years Sampled from Japanese census | 17 | Death from ischemic heart disease | 1,378 | Nonsmokers ** | 1.0 |
| Current smokers | ||||||
| 1-9 cigarettes/day | 1.7 (1.4-2.5) | |||||
| 10-19 cigarettes/day | 2.3 (1.9-2.7) | |||||
| > 20 cigarettes/day | 3.8 (2.9-4.9) | |||||
| LaCroix et al. 1991 | 4,469 women Aged > 65 years United States | 10 | Death from CHD | NR§ | Never smoked Current smokers | 1.0 1.7 (1.3-2.3) |
| Freund et al. 1993 | 2,587 women Aged 45-84 years United States | 34 | Angina Coronary insufficiency Myocardial infarction Death from CHD | 303 | Aged 45-64 years | |
| Nonsmokers ** | 1.0 | |||||
| Current smokers | 1.2 (1.0-1.6) | |||||
| Aged 65-84 years | ||||||
| Nonsmokers | 1.0 | |||||
| Current smokers | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) | |||||
| Kawachi et al. 1994 | 117,006 women nurses Aged 30-55 years United States | 12 | CHD incidence | 215 | Never smoked | 1.0 |
| Current smokers | ||||||
| 93 | 1-14 cigarettes/day | 2.5 (1.8-3.5) | ||||
| 242 | 15-24 cigarettes/day | 4.8 (3.8-6.1) | ||||
| 123 | 25-34 cigarettes/day | 5.5 (4.1-7.4) | ||||
| 79 | > 35 cigarettes/day | 5.5 (3.9-7.8) | ||||
| Paganini-Hill and Hsu 1994 | 8,869 women Median age, 73 years United States | 10 | Death from CHD | NR | Never smoked Current smokers | 1.0 1.5 (1.1-1.9) |
| Njølstad et al. 1996 | 5,701 women Aged 35-52 years Norway | 12 | CHD incidence | 20 | Never smoked | 1.0 |
| 73 | Current smokers | 3.6 (2.2-6.0) | ||||
| 19 | 1-9 cigarettes/day | 2.3 (1.2-4.2) | ||||
| 40 | 10-19 cigarettes/day | 4.1 (2.47.1) | ||||
| 13 | > 20 cigarettes/day | 5.9 (2.9-11.8) | ||||
| Burns et al. 1997b | 594,551 women Aged >30 years United States | 12 | Death from CHD | 7,065 1,248 | Never smoked Current smokers | 1.0 1.4 (1.3-1.5) |
| Freidman et al. 1997 | 36,035 women Aged > 35 years Enrolled in health maintenance organization | 6 | Death from CHD | 134 | Never smoked | 1.0 |
| Current smokers | ||||||
| 20 | < 19 cigarettes/day | 1.4 * | ||||
| 30 | > 20 cigarettes/day | 2.2 * | ||||
| Thun et al. 1997c | 676,527 women Aged >30 years United States | 6 | Death from CHD | 3,717 1,161 | Never smoked Current smokers | 1.0 1.6 (1.4-1.7) |
95% confidence interval was not reported.
Women who were never smokers and women who were former smokers combined.
NR = Value not specified in report of study.
From: Chapter 3. Health Consequences of Tobacco Use Among Women
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