| Study | Women | Men | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking status | Relative risk | Smoking status | Relative risk | |
| British doctors' study 1951-1973 | Nonsmokers | 1.0 | Nonsmokers | 1.0 |
| Current smokers | 5.0 | Current smokers | 14.0 | |
| 1-14 cigarettes/day | 1.3 | 1-14 cigarettes/day | 7.8 | |
| 15-24 cigarettes/day | 6.4 | 15-24 cigarettes/day | 12.7 | |
| > 25 cigarettes/day | 29.7 | > 25 cigarettes/day | 25.1 | |
| Cancer Prevention Study I (CPS-I) 1959-1972 | Never smoked | 1.0 | Never smoked | 1.0 |
| Current smokers | 3.6 | Current smokers | 8.5 | |
| 1-9 cigarettes/day | 1.3 | 1-9 cigarettes/day | 4.6 | |
| 10-19 cigarettes/day | 2.4 | 10-19 cigarettes/day | 8.6 | |
| 20-39 cigarettes/day | 4.9 | 20-39 cigarettes/day | 14.7 | |
| > 40 cigarettes/day | 7.5 | >40 cigarettes/day | 18.7 | |
| Swedish study 1963-1979 | Nonsmokers | 1.0 | Nonsmokers | 1.0 |
| Current smokers | 4.5 | Current smokers | 7.0 | |
| 1-7 cigarettes/day | 1.8 | 1-7 cigarettes/day | 2.3 | |
| 8-15 cigarettes/day | 11.3 | 8-15 cigarettes/day | 8.8 | |
| > 16 cigarettes/day | 13.7 | |||
| Japanese study of 29 health districts 1966-1982 | Nonsmokers | 1.0 | Nonsmokers | 1.0 |
| Current smokers | 2.0 | Current smokers | 3.8 | |
| <20 cigarettes/day | 1.9 | <20 cigarettes/day | 3.5 | |
| 20-29 cigarettes/day | 4.2 | 20-39 cigarettes/day | 5.7 | |
| > 40 cigarettes/day | 6.5 | |||
| Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program Study 1979-1987 | Nonsmokers | 1.0 | Nonsmokers | 1.0 |
| Current smokers | 15.1 | Current smokers | 8.1 | |
| 1-19 cigarettes/day | 8.5 | 1-19 cigarettes/day | 4.7 | |
| > 20 cigarettes/day | 21.7 | 20 cigarettes/day | 10.4 | |
| Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) 1982-1988 | Never smoked | 1.0 | Never smoked | 1.0 |
| Former smokers | 4.7 | Former smokers | 9.4 | |
| Current smokers | 11.9 | Current smokers | 20.3 | |
| 1-9 cigarettes/day | 3.9 | 1-9 cigarettes/day | 12.2 | |
| 10-19 cigarettes/day | 8.3 | 10-19 cigarettes/day | 14.6 | |
| 20 cigarettes/day | 14.2 | 20 cigarettes/day | 21.7 | |
| 21-39 cigarettes/day | 21.4 | 21-39 cigarettes/day | 22.8 | |
| 40 cigarettes/day | 19.3 | 40 cigarettes/day | 24.2 | |
| > 41 cigarettes/day | 18.2 | > 41 cigarettes/day | 45.7 | |
Sources: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 1982 for British doctors' study, CPS-I, Swedish study, and Japanese study of 29 health districts; Friedman et al. 1997 for Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program Study; Thun et al. 1997a for CPS-II.
From: Chapter 3. Health Consequences of Tobacco Use Among Women
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