| Lifelong nonsmokers | Former smokers | Current smokers | Number of cigarettes/day for current smokers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-14 | 15-24 | 25-34 | > 35 | ||||
| Number of deaths | 933 | 799 | 1,115 | 234 | 480 | 215 | 153 |
| RR * | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.99 | 2.1 | 2.6 |
| RR ** | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.6 |
| 95% CI§ | 1.1-1.5 | 1.7-2.1 | 1.3-1.8 | 1.7-2.4 | 1.7-2.6 | 2.1-3.3 | |
Adjusted for age only.
for age; follow-up period; body mass index (weight/height2); history of hypertension, high cholesterol, ordiabetes; parental history of myocardial infarction before age 60 years; postmenopausal estrogen therapy; menopausalstatus; previous use of oral contraceptives; and age at start of smoking.
CI = Confidence interval.Sources: Kawachi et al. 1993a, 1997b.
From: Chapter 3. Health Consequences of Tobacco Use Among Women
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