TABLE J-57Usual Intake Distributions of Selected Micronutrients for WIC-Participating Children Ages 2 to Less Than 5 Years, NHANES 2005–2008

NutrientPercentiles and Mean (SE)EAR or AI* (Ages 1–3/Age 4)% Inadeq (SE)UL (Ages 1–3/Age 4)% > UL (SE)
10th25thMedianMean75th90th
Calcium (mg/d)549 (26)686 (22)869 (21)908 (14)1,087 (31)1,317 (51)500/80016.7 (2.99)2,5000.1 (0.07)
Copper (mg/d)0.6 (0.02)0.7 (0.02)0.8 (0.01)0.8 (0.01)1.0 (0.02)1.2 (0.05)0.26/0.340.1 (0.07)1/315.5 (3.13)
Iron (mg/d)7.3 (0.32)8.9 (0.27)11.1 (0.26)11.6 (0.17)13.7 (0.39)16.4 (0.63)3.0/4.10400
Magnesium (mg/d)133 (4.61)157 (3.78)190 (3.50)196 (2.44)227 (5.19)266 (8.38)65/1100.6 (0.5)65/110NE
Phosphorus (mg/d)701 (26.43)834 (20.53)1,000 (18.47)1,032 (13.09)1,195 (27.91)1,403 (47.56)380/4050.1 (0.2)3,0000
Selenium (μg/d)48 (1.73)56 (1.40)67 (1.28)69 (0.78)79 (1.85)91 (2.92)17/23090/1506.6 (2.77)
Zinc (mg/d)5.9 (0.23)7.0 (0.18)8.3 (0.17)8.6 (0.11)9.9 (0.26)11.8 (0.46)2.5/4.00.1 (0.1)7/1254.3 (2.96)
Potassium (mg/d)1,417 (54.12)1,693 (41.98)2,040 (37.94)2,114 (27.91)2,451 (58.46)2,900 (102.27)3,000/3,800*NAND—
Sodium (mg/d)1,430 (57.97)1,721 (46.05)2,091 (42.13)2,168 (29.32)2,529 (63.97)3,000 (108.98)1,000/1,200*—1,500/1,90082.4 (3.59)
Vitamin A (μg RAE/d)328 (17.04)403 (13.56)499 (12.71)525 (8.12)617 (20.26)751 (36.81)210/2751.5 (1.4)NA—
Retinol (μg/d)283 (14.60)345 (11.64)425 (10.75)442 (6.35)519 (16.31)621 (27.99)NANA600/90012.1 (4.51)
Vitamin E mg (αTOC/d)2.6 (0.11)3.2 (0.10)4.0 (0.10)4.3 (0.08)5.0 (0.17)6.4 (0.33)5.0/6.079.2 (3.62)200/300NE
Vitamin C (mg/d)45 (3.69)66 (3.48)98 (3.78)113 (3.11)143 (6.76)198 (13.22)13/220.6 (0.5)400/6500.4 (0.37)
Thiamin (mg/d)0.9 (0.03)1.0 (0.03)1.2 (0.02)1.3 (0.02)1.5 (0.03)1.7 (0.06)0.4/0.50ND—
Riboflavin (mg/d)1.3 (0.05)1.6 (0.04)1.9 (0.04)1.9 (0.02)2.2 (0.05)2.6 (0.08)0.4/0.50ND—
Niacin (mg/d)10.6 (0.43)12.6 (0.35)15.1 (0.32)15.5 (0.19)18.0 (0.45)21.0 (0.71)5.0/6.0010/15NE
Vitamin B6 (mg/d)1.0 (0.04)1.2 (0.03)1.5 (0.03)1.5 (0.02)1.8 (0.05)2.1 (0.07)0.4/0.5030/400
Folate (μg DFE/d)261 (13.3)327 (11.4)417 (11.2)439 (7.14)526 (17.1)645 (28.6)120/1600300/400NE
Vitamin B12 (mg/d)2.9 (0.14)3.5 (0.11)4.3 (0.10)4.5 (0.07)5.2 (0.16)6.3 (0.30)0.7/1.00ND—
Choline (mg/d)145 (5.9)175 (4.9)214 (4.6)223 (3.2)261 (7.1)313 (12.1)200/250*NA1,0000

NOTES: N = 474. For percent inadequate calculations, the approach of IOM (2000b) was applied in which, when combining groups with different EARs, intakes in one of the groups are rescaled so they can be compared to the EAR of the other group. One value indicates that the EAR is the same across groups. See additional notes following Table J-60.

From: Appendix J, Nutrient and Food Intake of WIC Subgroups: Analytical Methods and Results

Cover of Review of WIC Food Packages
Review of WIC Food Packages: Improving Balance and Choice: Final Report.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review WIC Food Packages.
Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2017 May 1.
Copyright 2017 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

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