TABLE G-2Changes in Fruit and Vegetable Availability and Selection Overall and by Vendor Type, Before Compared to After the 2009 WIC Food Package Changes

Availability or SelectionFreshCannedFrozen
Commonly Consumed FVAfrican-American FVLatino FVVegetablesLow-Sodium VegetablesFruitsVegetablesFruits
Availability
Overall change2.14 (1.31, 3.50)b2.53 (1.31, 5.35)b1.72 (0.84, 3.98)NE2.69 (1.17, 6.22)a1.84 (0.91, 3.72)1.97 (1.05, 3.70)a2.15 (1.06, 4.37)a
Change by vendor type
Large3.56 (1.22, 10.34)a2.27 (1.31, 5.48)a1.69 (0.94, 5.54)1.62 (0.81, 3.25)0.93 (0.25, 3.48)1.01 (0.41, 2.48)1.43 (0.91, 2.25)2.10 (0.86, 5.12)
Small1.07 (0.51, 2.24)2.64 (1.09, 6.38)a1.83 (0.65, 5.17)1.18 (0.47, 2.94)5.95 (1.74, 20.29)b2.11 (0.95, 4.69)2.80 (1.13, 6.93)a1.93 (0.68, 5.53)
PharmacyNE1.38 (1.02, 1.88)a1.25 (0.92, 1.69)NE0.71 (0.12, 4.18)1.06 (0.04, 25.53)1.34 (0.34, 5.24)2.24 (0.19, 25.74)
Selection
Overall change1.67 (1.14, 2.47)b1.14 (1.01, 1.42)1.17 (1.02, 1.33)1.22 (1.07, 1.40)b1.13 (0.98, 1.30)0.96 (0.77, 1.20)1.09 (0.82, 1.46)0.92 (0.69, 1.21)
Change by vendor type
Large1.67 (1.03, 2.69)a1.13 (1.01, 1.43)1.22 (1.06, 1.36)a0.84 (0.68, 1.04)1.05 (0.91, 1.20)0.88 (0.71, 1.09)1.02 (0.74, 1.40)0.93 (0.69, 1.25)
Small1.71 (1.06, 2.76)a1.17 (0.78, 2.19)1.05 (0.73, 1.58)1.32 (0.95, 1.85)2.01 (1.03, 3.84)a1.05 (0.53, 2.07)1.34 (0.79, 2.29)0.80 (0.33, 1.93)
PharmacyNE1.04 (0.93, 1.20)1.09 (0.95, 1.21)1.58 (1.31, 1.91)b1.17 (0.18, 7.45)1.35 (0.06, 30.18)0.81 (0.32, 2.08)NE

NOTES: FV = fruits and vegetables; NE = odds ratio not estimated due to lack of variability in outcome by year. Data presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval). An odds ratio of 1.0 for this contrast indicates that the post-policy change from 2009 to 2010 was greater than the pre-policy change from 2008 to 2009.

a

P< .05.

b

P< .01.

SOURCE: Zenk et al., 2012 (used with permission).

From: Appendix G, Barriers to Participation and Redemption

Cover of Review of WIC Food Packages
Review of WIC Food Packages: Improving Balance and Choice: Final Report.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review WIC Food Packages.
Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2017 May 1.
Copyright 2017 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

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