| Outcomes | No of Participants (studies) Follow up | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Anticipated absolute effects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk with manipulation + exercise (aerobic) | Risk difference with Manipulation + exercise (biomechanical) (95% CI) | |||
| Pain severity (VAS, 0-10) ≤4 months | 36 (1 study) 6 weeks | VERY LOWa,b due to risk of bias, imprecision | The mean pain severity (VAS 0-10) - ≤4 months in the control groups was 3.39 | The mean pain severity (VAS 0-10) - ≤4 months in the intervention groups was 0.99 lower (2.52 lower to 0.54 higher) |
| Function (Quebec back pain disability scale, 0-100) ≤4 months | 36 (1 study) 6 weeks | VERY LOWa,b due to risk of bias, imprecision | The mean function (Quebec back pain disability scale 0-100) ≤4 months in the control groups was 31.8 | The mean function (Quebec back pain disability scale 0-100) ≤4 months in the intervention groups was 0.75 lower (12.99 lower to 11.49 higher) |
Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias
Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs
From: 12, Manual therapies
NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.