| Reference | Country, year of study | Task | No. of samples | Measurement | Concentration of MOCA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| µg/L | µg/g creatinine | |||||
| Linch et al. (1971) | USA, 1962 | MOCA production | 1 | Max | 25 000 | |
| USA, 1969–70 | Operators | 4 | Range | 40–3800 | ||
| Operators and moulders without gloves | 14 | Mean (SD) | 278 (252) | |||
| Operators and moulders with gloves | 14 | Mean (SD) | 80 (92) | |||
| Operators with gloves, suit, respirator | 3 | Mean (SD) | 3.8 (1.9) | |||
| Ducos et al. (1985) | France, 1982 | Before improvements | 12 | Mean | 600 | 450 |
| France, 1983 | After improvements | 11 | Mean | 62 | 63 | |
| Ward et al. (1990) | USA, 1981 | Production workers | 385 | Max | 50 000a | |
| Liu et al. (2005) | Taiwan, China, 2002 | MOCA purification process | 10 | Mean (range) | 5544 (267.9–15701) | |
| Shih et al. (2007) | Taiwan, China, | 3 factories, MOCA | 54 | Range | 1.7–1663 | 2.5–2267 |
| NR | 3 factories, acetyl-MOCA | 54 | Range | 0.08–93.1 | 0.16–102.8 | |
several months after production ceased
NR, not reported
From: 1, Exposure Data
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