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IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Some Aromatic Amines, Organic Dyes, and Related Exposures. Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2010. (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, No. 99.)

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Some Aromatic Amines, Organic Dyes, and Related Exposures.

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Table 1.3.Urinary levels of MOCA in MOCA production workers

ReferenceCountry, year
of study
TaskNo. of samplesMeasurementConcentration of MOCA
µg/Lµg/g creatinine
Linch et al. (1971)USA, 1962MOCA production1Max25 000
USA, 1969–70Operators4Range40–3800
Operators and moulders without gloves14Mean (SD)278 (252)
Operators and moulders with gloves14Mean (SD)80 (92)
Operators with gloves, suit, respirator3Mean (SD)3.8 (1.9)
Ducos et al. (1985)France, 1982Before improvements12Mean600450
France, 1983After improvements11Mean6263
Ward et al. (1990)USA, 1981Production workers385Max50 000a
Liu et al. (2005)Taiwan, China, 2002MOCA purification process10Mean (range)5544 (267.9–15701)
Shih et al. (2007)Taiwan, China,3 factories, MOCA54Range1.7–16632.5–2267
NR3 factories, acetyl-MOCA54Range0.08–93.10.16–102.8
a

several months after production ceased

NR, not reported

From: 1, Exposure Data

©International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2010.

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