| Intervention Versus Comparison | Outcome | Evidence Summary |
|---|---|---|
| Knowledge-skills vs. no treatment, wait-list, or information control Guerra, 201170 Ostwald, 199989 | Care recipient agitation/aggression | Insufficient – no data |
| Care recipient general behavior k = 2; n = 140 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, imprecise) | |
| Care recipient distress/QoL k = 1; n = 56 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, indirect, imprecise, unknown consistency) | |
| Care recipient psychoactive medication | Insufficient – no data | |
| Care recipient nursing home admission | Insufficient – no data | |
| Caregiver burden k = 2; n = 140 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, indirect, imprecise) | |
| Caregiver distress/QoL k = 1; n = 56 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, indirect, imprecise, unknown consistency) | |
| Caregiver behavior k = 1; n = 84 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, imprecise, unknown consistency) | |
| Knowledge-affect vs. attention control Chien, 200871 | Care recipient agitation/aggression | Insufficient – no data |
| Care recipient general behavior k = 1; n = 88 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, imprecise, unknown consistency) | |
| Care recipient distress/QoL | Insufficient – no data | |
| Care recipient psychoactive medication | Insufficient – no data | |
| Care recipient nursing home admission | Insufficient – no data | |
| Caregiver burden k = 1; n = 88 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, indirect, imprecise, unknown consistency) | |
| Caregiver distress/QoL k = 1; n = 88 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, indirect, imprecise, unknown consistency) | |
| Caregiver behavior | Insufficient – no data | |
| Skills-knowledge vs. wait-list, usual care, or information control De Rotrou, 201173 Klodnicka, 201172 Gallagher-Thompson, 201074 Ulstein, 200775 Gitlin, 200376 | Care recipient agitation/aggression | Insufficient – no data |
| Care recipient general behavior k = 5; n = 657 | Skills-knowledge interventions similar to no treatment on care recipient general behavior (low-strength evidence, moderate risk of bias, imprecise) | |
| Care recipient distress/QoL | Insufficient – no data | |
| Care recipient psychoactive drug use | Insufficient – no data | |
| Care recipient nursing home admission | Insufficient – no data | |
| Caregiver burden k = 2; n = 337 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, indirect, imprecise) | |
| Caregiver distress/QoL | Insufficient – no data | |
| Caregiver behavior k = 1; n = 190 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, imprecise, unknown consistency) | |
| Skills-knowledge vs. haloperidol Teri, 200077 | Care recipient agitation/aggression k = 1; n = 75 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, imprecise, unknown consistency) |
| Care recipient general behavior k = 1; n = 75 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, imprecise, unknown consistency) | |
| Care recipient distress/QoL | Insufficient – no data | |
| Care recipient psychoactive drug use | Insufficient – no data | |
| Care recipient nursing home admission | Insufficient – no data | |
| Caregiver burden k = 1; n = 75 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, indirect, imprecise) | |
| Caregiver distress/QoL k = 1; n = 75 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, indirect, imprecise) | |
| Caregiver behavior | Insufficient – no data | |
| Skills-knowledge vs. placebo Teri, 200077 | Care recipient agitation/aggression k = 1; n = 75 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, imprecise) |
| Care recipient general behavior k = 1; n = 75 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, imprecise) | |
| Care recipient distress/QoL | Insufficient – no data | |
| Care recipient psychoactive drug use | Insufficient – no data | |
| Care recipient nursing home admission | Insufficient – no data | |
| Caregiver burden k = 1; n = 75 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, indirect, imprecise) | |
| Caregiver distress/QoL k = 1; n = 75 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, indirect, imprecise) | |
| Caregiver behavior | Insufficient – no data | |
| Skills-behavior vs. wait-list or information control Gitlin, 200882 Gonzalez, 201478 Marriott, 200086 | Care recipient agitation/aggression k = 1; n = 56 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, imprecise) |
| Care recipient general behavior k = 2; n = 144 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, imprecise, inconsistent) | |
| Care recipient distress/QoL | Insufficient – no data | |
| Care recipient psychoactive drug use | Insufficient – no data | |
| Care recipient nursing home admission | Insufficient – no data | |
| Caregiver burden k = 2; n = 158 | Skills-behavior interventions similar to no treatment on caregiver burden (low-strength evidence, moderate risk of bias, indirect) | |
| Caregiver distress/QoL k = 1; n = 56 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, unknown consistency) | |
| Caregiver behavior k = 1; n = 56 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, unknown consistency) | |
| Skills-behavior vs. attention control Gitlin, 201081 Huang, 201379 Gitlin, 201080 Gerdner, 200283 Marriot, 200086 | Care recipient agitation/aggression k = 3; n = 575 | Skills-behavior interventions similar to attention control on care recipient agitation/aggression (low-strength evidence, moderate risk of bias, imprecise) |
| Care recipient general behavior k = 1; n = 102 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, imprecise, inconsistent) | |
| Care recipient distress/QoL k = 1; n = 209 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, indirect, imprecise, unknown consistency) | |
| Care recipient psychoactive medication | Insufficient – no data | |
| Care recipient nursing home admission | Insufficient – no data | |
| Caregiver burden k = 2; n = 448 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, indirect, imprecise, unknown consistency) | |
| Caregiver distress k = 3; n = 685 | Skills-behavior interventions improve caregiver distress more than attention control (moderate-strength evidence, moderate risk of bias) | |
| Caregiver behavior k = 1; n = 239 | Skills-behavior interventions improve caregiver confidence more than attention control (moderate-strength evidence, moderate risk of bias) | |
| Skills-behavior vs. sham treatment Gormley, 200185 Bourgeois, 200284 | Patient agitation/aggression k = 2; n = 125 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, imprecise) |
| Care recipient general behavior k = 2; n = 125 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, imprecise) | |
| Care recipient distress/QoL | Insufficient – no data | |
| Care recipient taking psychotropic medication k = 1; n = 62 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, indirect, imprecise, unknown consistency) | |
| Care recipient nursing home admission | Insufficient – no data | |
| Caregiver burden k = 1; n = 62 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, indirect, imprecise, unknown consistency) | |
| Caregiver distress/QoL | Insufficient – no data | |
| Caregiver behavior | Insufficient – no data | |
| Skills-affect Belle, 200687 Mittelman, 200488 | Care recipient agitation/aggression | Insufficient – no data |
| Care recipient general behavior k = 2; n = 924 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, imprecise, inconsistent) | |
| Care recipient distress/QoL | Insufficient – no data | |
| Care recipient psychoactive drug use | Insufficient – no data | |
| Care recipient nursing home admission k = 1; n = 518 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, imprecise, inconsistent) | |
| Caregiver burden k = 1; n = 518 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, imprecise, inconsistent) | |
| Caregiver distress/QoL k = 1; n = 406 | Insufficient – no conclusions drawn (moderate risk of bias, imprecise, unknown consistency) | |
| Caregiver behavior | Insufficient – no data |
k = total trials; n = total dyads; QoL = quality of life
From: Executive Summary
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