| Characteristic | RCTs | Prospective Cohort Studies† | Retrospective Cohort Studies | Diagnostic Studies | Case Series* | Total Literature | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Corticosteroid | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 20 | 24 |
| Beta-Blocker** | 9 | 5 | 11 | 0 | 56 | 81 | |
| Laser | 3 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 17 | 26 | |
| Surgery | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 15 | |
| MRI or ultrasound | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
| Population Characteristics | Anatomic location of IH | ||||||
| Multiple | 15 | 5 | 15 | 1 | 93 | 129 | |
| Periocular | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 9 | |
| Airway | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
| Oral/Maxillary | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 | |
| Parotid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Lumbosacral | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Nasal | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
| Study population | |||||||
| U.S./Canada | 2 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 29 | 41 | |
| Europe | 4 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 37 | 51 | |
| Asia | 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 33 | 43 | |
| Other | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 13 | |
| Outcomes Reported | Resolution/Clearance-related | 15 | 6 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 36 |
| Vision | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | |
| Quality of life | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
| Number treatments/invasive treatments needed | 1 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 7 | |
| Diagnostic accuracy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
| Rebound growth | 4 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 11 | |
| Harms | 15 | 6 | 17 | 0 | 106 | 144 | |
| Total N participants | 1117 | 243 | 1447 | 96 | 10972 | 13875 | |
MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; n = number; RCT = randomized, controlled trial
Case series reported other outcomes; however, we only extracted harms data from case series for this review.
Studies (n=13) that compared a beta-blocker to another beta-blocker or placebo/observation or to another active comparator such as steroids, other agents, or laser are reported only in this row.
One study included in the prospective cohort column compared an IH treated with cryotherapy to an untreated IH.
From: Results
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