| Intervention and Comparator | Number of Studies (Sample Sizes, Number for Reported Events) | Outcome and Results | Strength of Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Topiramate versus placebo | 2 RCTs (N=468, 94) | Topiramate and placebo, similar number of events related to gastrointestinal upset | Low for no difference |
| 2 RCTs (N=468, 243) | Topiramate higher number of events related to sympathetic nervous system arousal | Moderate for harm | |
| 2 RCTs (N=468, 89) | Topiramate higher number of events related to sleep disturbance | Low for harm | |
| 2 RCTs (N=468, 73) | Topiramate higher number of headaches | Moderate for harm | |
| 2 RCTs (N=468, 199) | Topiramate higher number of othera events | Moderate for harm | |
| Fluvoxamine versus placebo | 2 RCTs (N=105, 24) | Fluvoxamine higher number of events related to gastrointestinal upset | Low for harm |
| 2 RCTs (N=105, 22) | Fluvoxamine higher number of events related to sympathetic nervous system arousal | Low for harm | |
| 2 RCTs (N=105, 57) | Fluvoxamine higher number of events related to sleep disturbance | Low for harm | |
| Lisdexamfetamine versus placebo | 3 RCTs (N=938, 119) | Lisdexamfetamine higher percentage of patients with gastrointestinal upset | Moderate for harm |
| 3 RCTs (N=938, 111) | Lisdexamfetamine higher percentage of patients with sympathetic nervous system arousal | Moderate for harm | |
| MA, 3 RCTs (N=938, 78) | Lisdexamfetamine higher percentage of patients with insomnia: (RR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.63 to 4.31) | High for harm | |
| MA, 3 RCTs (N=938, 111) | Lisdexamfetamine higher percentage of patients with headache (RR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.13 to 2.36) | High for harm | |
| 3 RCTs (N=938, 66) | Lisdexamfetamine higher number of decreased appetite | Moderate for harm |
MA = meta-analysis; N = number; RCT = randomized controlled trial; RR = risk ratio
Includes bone fracture resulting from accidental injury, confusion, depression, eructation, hypertension (high blood pressure), language problems, rash or itching, respiratory illness, rhinitis, sinusitis, taste aversion, urinary hesitancy, and other problems.
From: Discussion
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