Table 8Type 1 diabetes: summary of key findings and strength of evidence for behavioral programs compared with an active control

OutcomeOutcome Timing# Trials (# Subjects)Mean DifferenceaStrength of Evidence
HbA1cEOI4 (529)87,92,107,108MD, -0.32; 95% CI, -0.97 to 0.33Low for no significant difference
HbA1c6m followup4 (467)91,92,107,108MD, -0.44; 95% CI, -0.69 to -0.19Moderate for benefit
HbA1c12m followup3 (305)92,107,108MD, -0.44; 95% CI, -1.04 to 0.16Low for no significant difference
Adherence to diabetes self-managementEOI1 (54);108 DSMP (higher scores better)
1 (149);92 DBRS (higher scores better)		MD, 2.40; 95% CI, -2.46 to 7.26

No data reported; those in behavioral program did more poorly		Insufficient
Adherence to diabetes self-management6m followup1 (149);91 SMBG (tests per day; higher better)
1 (149);92 DBRS		MD, -0.20; 95% CI, -0.76 to 0.36

No data reported; those in behavioral program did more poorly		Insufficient
Adherence to diabetes self-management12m followup1 (54); DSMP

1 (149);92 DBRS		MD, 2.00; 95% CI, -3.78 to 7.78

No data reported; those in behavioral program did more poorly		Insufficient

CI = confidence interval; DBRS = Diabetes Behavior Rating Scale; DSMP = Diabetes Self-Management Profile; EOI = end of intervention; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; m = month; MD = mean difference; SDSCA = Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities; SMBG = self-monitoring of blood glucose; SMD = standardized mean difference

a

Negative values are favorable for HbA1c.

From: Results

Cover of Behavioral Programs for Diabetes Mellitus
Behavioral Programs for Diabetes Mellitus.
Evidence Reports/Technology Assessments, No. 221.
Pillay J, Chordiya P, Dhakal S, et al.
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