| Species, strain
(sex) Duration Reference | Route Dosing regimen Animals/group at start | Incidence of tumours | Significance | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mouse, S
(NR) 22 wk Salaman & Roe (1956) | Skin 0, 2.7 mg total dose in methanol, administered by skin painting once weekly for 10 wk; croton oil used as promoter (from Week 5 to Week 22) 20 (control), 25 | Skin (papillomas): | Purity NR | |
| 0/17, 11/19 (58%) | P < 0.01 | |||
| Mouse, A/J
(M, F) 39 wk Shimkin et al. (1966) | i.p. 0, 9.6, 37, 150, 420 mg/kg bw (total dose), 3 ×/wk for 4 wk 45, 60, 60, 60, 173 (male control), 157 (female control) | Lung (adenomas and adenocarcinomas): | Purity NR | |
| 43% (0.53 tumours/mouse); | ||||
| 32% (0.42 tumours/mouse); | ||||
| 18/38 (47%, 0.6 tumours/mouse); | ||||
| 48/56 (86%, 1.6 tumours/mouse); | [P < 0.001] | |||
| 45/47 (96%, 5.1 tumours/mouse); | [P < 0.001] | |||
| 30/30 (100%, 8.9 tumours/mouse) | [P < 0.001] | |||
| Mouse,
Swiss-Webster (M, F) 15 mo Weisburger et al. (1975) | i.p. 3 mg/kg bw (MTD) or 1.5 mg/kg bw, 3 ×/wk for 6 mo 25/sex/group | Lung: | Results reported had been combined for the two doses | |
| M–22/35 | P < 0.001, | |||
| F–20/28 (controls: 10/101 M, 21/153 F) | P < 0.001 | |||
| Lymphoma-myeloid leukaemia: | ||||
| M–6/35 | P = 0.004, | |||
| F–4/28 (controls: 3/101 M, 3/153 F) | P = 0.012 | |||
| Ovary: | ||||
| F–10/28 (controls: 6/153 F) | P < 0.001 | |||
| Rat,
Sprague-Dawley (M, F) 15 mo Weisburger et al. (1975) | i.p. 4.5 mg/kg bw (MTD) or 2.2 mg/kg bw, 3 ×/wk for 6 mo 25/sex/group | Haematopoietic/lymphatic system: | Results reported had been combined for the two doses | |
| M–8/33 (control: 2/179 M, 1/181 F) | P < 0.001 | |||
| Rat,
Sprague-Dawley (F) Lifetime (3 yr) Berger et al. (1985) | Oral 0, 3, 6, 13.5, 27 mg/kg bw per mo by gavage for 18 mo 30/group, 120 controls | Mammary gland (malignant): | Purity
> 99% The dose of 3 mg/kg bw was kept constant over all treatment groups. To increase the dose, the frequency of administrations was increased | |
| 8/120, 2/30, 4/30, 10/30, 5/30 | [P < 0.001] (27 mg/kg) | |||
| Central & peripheral nervous tissue (malignant): | ||||
| 2/120, 2/30, 1/30, 3/30, 3/30 | [P < 0.05] (13.5 and 27 mg/kg) | |||
| Haematopoietic & lymphatic tissue: | ||||
| 1/120, 0/30, 4/30, 0/30, 0/30 | [P < 0.05] (6 mg/kg) | |||
| External auditory canal (malignant): | ||||
| 0/120, 2/30, 0/30, 0/30, 3/30 | ||||
| Mouse,
BALB/c (M, F) Lifetime (2 yr) Cavaliere et al. (1990) | Oral 0 or 1 mg/kg bw by gavage 5 ×/wk for 12 wk 53 males, 54 females, 50 (male control), 50 (female control) | Lymphoreticular system: | Purity
> 99% Survival was reduced in treated animals of both sexes (P < 0.001) | |
| 5/50, 4/50, 7/53, 24/53 | P < 0.01 (F) | |||
| Lung (adenomas): | ||||
| 19/50, 7/50, 47/53, 46/54 | P < 0.001 (M, F) | |||
| Mammary gland: | ||||
| 0/50, 2/50, 0/53, 4/54 | P < 0.05 (F) |
bw, body weight; d, day or days; F, female; i.p., intraperitoneal; M, male; mo, month or months; MTD, maximum tolerated dose; NR, not reported; wk, week or weeks; yr, year or years
From: CHLORAMBUCIL
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