| Patient Characteristics | Adjusted Rate Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Functional status (reference: independent in activities of daily living) | |||
| Stable moderate impairment | 1.12 | 0.92-1.36 | |
| Stable severe impairment | 1.20 | 1.04-1.39 | |
| Decline from independent to moderate impairment | 1.34 | 1.15-1.56 | |
| Decline from moderate to severe impairment | 1.42 | 1.23-1.64 | |
| Decline from independent to severe impairment | 1.64 | 1.46-1.84 | |
| Dementia/Alzheimer's disease | 0.78 | 0.70-0.86 | |
| Diabetes | 1.14 | 1.04-1.24 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1.24 | 1.11-1.38 | |
| Stroke/transient ischemic attack | 1.15 | 1.04-1.28 | |
| Congestive heart failure | 1.08 | 0.98-1.18 | |
| Cancer | 1.06 | 0.95-1.19 | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1.03 | 0.95-1.13 | |
| Depression | 1.03 | 0.92-1.15 | |
SOURCE: Health and Retirement Study and linked Medicare data, decedents 2000-2008. Adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, education, net worth, Medicaid, Medigap, nursing home residence, relative nearby, religiosity, Self Reported Health, three other chronic conditions, advance directive, regional hospital beds, and local pattern of end-of-life spending (Kelley et al., 2011).
From: Appendix E, Epidemiology of Serious Illness and High Utilization of Health Care
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