| Author Year | Study Design | Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria | N | Age (mean, range) | Imaging Modalities | Comparators | Tumor Response | Overall Survival | Timing Outcome Measures | Setting | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buijs 20079 | Retrospective case series | MBC; receipt of MRI | 14 | 57 (41-81) | MRI | None | NA | 25 months | 3 years | Single institution | United States |
| Cachin 200610 | Retrospective cohort | MBC; post-stem cell transplant PET scans | 47 | 44 (26-60) | FDG-PET; CT, ultrasound, mammogram, bone scan | FDG-PET vs. conventional imaging | Conventional imaging: 37% complete response; FDG-PET, 72% achieved complete response. | 19 months | 87 month | Single institution | France |
| Cheng 201311 | Prospective cohort | Post-menopausal, ER+ BC, stages II-IV | 12 | 65.1 (55-82) | FDG-PET/CT; F-FMISO- PET/CT | FDG-PET/CT vs. F-FMISO-PET/CT | FDG did not correlate with clinical outcomes; F-FMISO did correlate (r=0.77) | NR | 3 month | Single institution | China |
| Contractor 201212 | Prospective cohort | MBC | 5 | NR | FLT-PET/CT | Change in FLT uptake vs. change in CTCs | FLT uptake correlated with decrease CTCs | NR | 2 weeks | Single institution | United Kingdom |
| Contractor 201113 | Prospective cohort | Stage II-IV BC with lesion outside bone/liver | 20 (9 with stage IV) | 54 (41-69) | FLT-PET/CT | FLT-PET SUV vs. anatomic response from CT | Reduction SUV associated with lesion size changes | NR | 3 cycles of treatment | Single institution | United Kingdom |
| De Giorgi 200914 | Retrospective cohort | MBC | 102 | 55.5 (SD 10.8) | FDG-PET/CT | FDG SUV vs. CTCs | CTC levels correlated with FDG uptake | 15.7 +/- 7.8 months | 9-12 weeks | Single institution | United States |
| Dose Schwartz 200515 | Prospective cohort | MBC | 11 | 49 (34-68) | FDG-PET | FDG-PET vs. conventional imaging | FDG uptake correlated with conventional imaging response | 14.5 months | 27 weeks | Single institution | Germany |
| Haug 201216 | Prospective cohort | MBC to liver and life expectancy of >3 months | 58 | 58 (SD 11) | FDG-PET/CT; CT, MRI of liver | FDG-PET vs. CT and MRI | NR | 47 weeks | 27 weeks | Single institution | Germany |
| Hayashi 201325 | Prospective cohort | MBC | 29 | 53 (30-91) | CT, bone scan | Patients stratified into progressive/non progressive disease by bone scan and CT | Progressive/non progressive disease using CT or bone scan not predictive of progression free survival at 3 months; CT predictive at 6 months | Progressive/non progressive disease using CT or bone scan not predictive of overall survival at 3 or 6 months | 26.7 months | Single institution | United States |
| Huyge 201017 | Retrospective cohort | MBC to bone with 2 PET/CTs | 25 | 52 (37-72) | FDG PET/CT | FDG-PET/CT vs. CA15-3 or CEA | 28% concordance PET/CT and tumor markers | NR | 3 months | Single institution | Belgium |
| Kenny 200718 | Prospective cohort | Stage II-IV BC; life expectancy >3 months | 5 stage IV | 54 (36-80) | FLT-PET/CT | FLT-PET/CT 1 week after therapy initiation to clinical response (as measured by PET) at 60 days | FLT response correlated with clinical response. FLT response preceded tumor size change | NR | 60 days | Single institution | United Kingdom |
| Linden 200620 | Retrospective cohort | MBC, ER + cancer with > 6 months followup | 47 | 56 (35-76) | FES-PET | FES-PET vs. clinical response | Correlation between FES SUV and clinical response | 0 patients had complete response to endocrine therapy; 23% had partial response | 6 months | Single institution | United States |
| Linden 201119 | Retrospective cohort | MBC to bone, salvage endocrine therapy | 27 | 55 (28-77) | FES-PET | None | NR | NR | 6 weeks | Single institution | United States |
| Mortazavi-Jehanno 201221 | Prospective cohort | MBC with endocrine therapy | 22 | 58 (40-82) | FDG PET/CT | Progression free, overall survival by different levels of SUV max | NR | 55 months partial response; 71 months stable disease; 52 months progressive disease group (NSD) | 4 years | Single institution | France |
| Pio 200622 | Prospective cohort | MBC | 14 | NR | FLT-PET | Compared FLT uptake to CA27.29 tumor marker levels and tumor size by CT | FLT uptake good predictor of change in tumor size on CT; also correlated with change in CA27.29 | NR | 5.8 months | Single institution | United States |
| Specht 200723 | Retrospective cohort | MBC to bone with 2 PETs | 28 | 51 (30-68) | FDG-PET | Time to progression by level of SUV max | Changes in FDG SUV associated with time to progression | NR | 17.5 months; only 1 death | Single institution | United States |
| Tateishi 200824 | Retrospective Cohort | MBC to bone with PET/CT | 102 | 55 (25-89) | FDG-PET/CT | Baseline vs. post-treatment tumor factors | SUV decrease predicted response duration | NR | 15 months | Single institution | United States |
BC = breast cancer; CA15-3 = cancer antigen 15-3; CA27-29 – cancer antigen 27-29; CEA = carcinoembryonic antigen; CT = computed tomography; CTCs = circulating tumor cells; ER+ = estrogen receptor positive; F-FMISO = F-fluoromisonidazole; FDG = fluorodeoxyglucose; FES = fluoroestradiol; FLT = fluorothymidine; MBC = metastatic breast cancer; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; NA = not applicable; NR = not reported; NSD = no significant difference; PET = positron emission tomography; SD = standard deviation; SUV = standardized uptake value
From: Findings
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