| Study | Variables |
|---|---|
| Clarke and Strauss (1995) | Median wage of working women; median wage of working men; incarceration rate; unemployment rate; percent living in metropolitan area |
| Ellwood and Bane (1985) | Percentage nonwhite; percent high school graduates; mean wage; fraction of population under 18; unemployment rate; fraction of population living in metropolitan area |
| Hoynes (1996) | Average manufacturing wage; unemployment rate; per capita income; percent of population over 65; percent of population less than 18; percent black; Republican governor; Republican House; Republican Senate |
| Jackson and Klerman (1995) | Unemployment rate; mean wage; mean manufacturing wage; mean wage in retail trade |
| Lichter et al. (1996) | Sex ratio; male full-time median income; male education; male employment levels; female full-time median income; female education; percent population 65+; percent black; percent Hispanic; percent rural; population; percent Catholic; percent Latter Day Saints; percent anti-abortion Protestant |
| Moffitt (1994) | Unemployment rate; percent employed in manufacturing; percent employed in retail and wholesale trade; percent employed in services; percent employed in government |
| Robins and Fronstin (1996) | None |
| Rosenzweig (1995) | None |
From: 4, The Effect of Welfare on Marriage and Fertility
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