| Employment Category | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics (in percent, except for hostility score) | Sex | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Married or cohabiting | M | 89.2 | 88.5 | 84.7 | 76.4 | 74.6 | 57.0 |
| F | 58.8 | 56.1 | 50.9 | 51.4 | 56.4 | 67.6 | |
| Current smokers | M | 8.3 | 10.2 | 13.0 | 18.4 | 21.9 | 33.6 |
| F | 18.3 | 11.6 | 15.2 | 20.3 | 22.7 | 27.5 | |
| No moderate or vigorous exercise | M | 5.1 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 7.5 | 16.2 | 30.5 |
| F | 12.0 | 14.7 | 10.8 | 13.2 | 19.7 | 31.1 | |
| High control | M | 59.3 | 49.7 | 43.1 | 31.6 | 24.7 | 11.8 |
| F | 51.2 | 45.4 | 47.1 | 31.2 | 20.1 | 10.2 | |
| Varied work | M | 70.5 | 52.1 | 41.9 | 27.1 | 18.2 | 3.9 |
| F | 71.2 | 55.2 | 40.5 | 31.7 | 14.0 | 4.7 | |
| High satisfaction | M | 58.2 | 38.7 | 34.1 | 29.5 | 29.4 | 29.8 |
| F | 57.5 | 42.2 | 40.3 | 36.6 | 41.6 | 47.7 | |
| See at least 3 relatives per month | M | 22.1 | 24.8 | 29.0 | 27.2 | 29.7 | 30.6 |
| F | 18.9 | 23.7 | 21.1 | 24.1 | 30.4 | 44.9 | |
| See at least 3 friends per month | M | 65.3 | 61.3 | 58.5 | 58.6 | 56.4 | 50.2 |
| F | 71.1 | 62.8 | 67.1 | 63.6 | 52.9 | 49.0 | |
| No hobbies | M | 12.4 | 12.9 | 12.7 | 15.0 | 23.0 | 25.4 |
| F | 12.5 | 15.4 | 11.3 | 11.9 | 18.3 | 27.5 | |
| Negative aspects of support | M | 25.0 | 28.4 | 31.3 | 30.9 | 38.1 | 39.0 |
| F | 33.0 | 32.5 | 28.3 | 36.4 | 28.3 | 33.8 | |
| Two or more major life events | M | 29.6 | 31.6 | 35.1 | 37.9 | 39.9 | 41.9 |
| F | 41.1 | 43.6 | 35.5 | 42.8 | 46.5 | 49.2 | |
| Sometimes not enough money | M | 7.0 | 12.6 | 21.5 | 26.4 | 34.4 | 37.2 |
| F | 7.7 | 6.9 | 9.6 | 13.2 | 24.4 | 34.4 | |
| Some difficulty paying bills | M | 11.0 | 16.2 | 22.8 | 24.7 | 29.6 | 29.6 |
| F | 15.2 | 13.2 | 11.8 | 15.7 | 18.1 | 26.9 | |
| Hostility score | M | 9.7 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 14.7 |
| F | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 10.1 | 10.4 | 12.3 | |
SOURCE: Marmot et al. (1991) study of health inequalities among British civil servants (the Whitehall II study).
From: 4, The Social and Economic Context of Work for Older Persons
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