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    GRHL2 grainyhead like transcription factor 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 79977, updated on 4-Jan-2025

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    GeneRIFPubMed TitleDate
    Grainyhead-like-2, an epithelial master programmer, promotes interferon induction and suppresses breast cancer recurrence.

    Grainyhead-like-2, an epithelial master programmer, promotes interferon induction and suppresses breast cancer recurrence.
    MacFawn I, Farris J, Pifer P, Margaryan NV, Akhter H, Wang L, Dziadowicz S, Denvir J, Hu G, Frisch SM.,

    06/28/2024
    Enhancing Transcriptional Reprogramming of Mesenchymal Glioblastoma with Grainyhead-like 2 and HDAC Inhibitors Leads to Apoptosis and Cell-Cycle Dysregulation.

    Enhancing Transcriptional Reprogramming of Mesenchymal Glioblastoma with Grainyhead-like 2 and HDAC Inhibitors Leads to Apoptosis and Cell-Cycle Dysregulation.
    Kotian S, Carnes RM, Stern JL., Free PMC Article

    10/6/2023
    GRHL2-controlled gene expression networks in luminal breast cancer.

    GRHL2-controlled gene expression networks in luminal breast cancer.
    Wang Z, Coban B, Wu H, Chouaref J, Daxinger L, Paulsen MT, Ljungman M, Smid M, Martens JWM, Danen EHJ., Free PMC Article

    02/4/2023
    Correlation analysis between CD133, Klk3 and grhl2 expression and tumor characteristics in prostate cancer.

    Correlation analysis between CD133, Klk3 and grhl2 expression and tumor characteristics in prostate cancer.
    Wu J, Guo S, Wang L, Liao Z.

    07/16/2022
    Hypermethylation of the GRHL2 promoter region is associated with ovarian endometriosis.

    Hypermethylation of the GRHL2 promoter region is associated with ovarian endometriosis.
    Hao Y, Li Y, Wu J, Hao N, Qin Y, Zhang H, Zhao W, Kang S.

    05/28/2022
    Novel GRHL2 Gene Variant Associated with Hearing Loss: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

    Novel GRHL2 Gene Variant Associated with Hearing Loss: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
    Trebusak Podkrajsek K, Tesovnik T, Bozanic Urbancic N, Battelino S., Free PMC Article

    08/14/2021
    GRHL2 induces liver fibrosis and intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via microRNA-200 and the MAPK pathway.

    GRHL2 induces liver fibrosis and intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via microRNA-200 and the MAPK pathway.
    Wang Y, Zeng Z, Guan L, Ao R., Free PMC Article

    05/1/2021
    Exposure of human oral keratinocytes to Porphyromonas gingivalis or LPS led to rapid loss of endogenous GRHL2 and the junction proteins

    Porphyromonas gingivalis Impairs Oral Epithelial Barrier through Targeting GRHL2.
    Chen W, Alshaikh A, Kim S, Kim J, Chun C, Mehrazarin S, Lee J, Lux R, Kim RH, Shin KH, Park NH, Walentin K, Schmidt-Ott KM, Kang MK., Free PMC Article

    07/18/2020
    Rs3735715 polymorphism in GRHL2 gene may influence the susceptibility of noise-induced hearing loss

    Polymorphism in GRHL2 gene may contribute to noise-induced hearing loss susceptibility: a meta-analysis.
    Li X, Zhu Z, Li W, Wei L, Zhao B, Hao Z., Free PMC Article

    07/18/2020
    demonstrate that epithelial genes are subject to epigenetic control during intermediate phases of epithelial-mesenchymal transition/MET involving GRHL2

    The role of GRHL2 and epigenetic remodeling in epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in ovarian cancer cells.
    Chung VY, Tan TZ, Ye J, Huang RL, Lai HC, Kappei D, Wollmann H, Guccione E, Huang RY., Free PMC Article

    05/9/2020
    Study found Grhl2 highly expressed in placentas of patients with pre-eclampsia. Furthermore, upregulation of Grhl2 by circ-TNRC18-induced inhibition of miR-762 led to trophoblast cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

    CircTRNC18 inhibits trophoblast cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating miR-762/Grhl2 pathway in pre-eclampsia.
    Shen XY, Zheng LL, Huang J, Kong HF, Chang YJ, Wang F, Xin H., Free PMC Article

    05/2/2020
    revealed significant interethnic differences in allele polymorphisms of NAT2, GRM7 and GRHL2 exhibit quite marked ethnic differences in Roma populations

    Age-Related Hearing Impairment Associated NAT2, GRM7, GRHL2 Susceptibility Gene Polymorphisms and Haplotypes in Roma and Hungarian Populations.
    Matyas P, Postyeni E, Komlosi K, Szalai R, Bene J, Magyari L, Melegh B, Hadzsiev K.

    04/4/2020
    These findings suggest that alterations in the ZEB1-OVOL2-GRHL2 axis (caused by posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy-associated mutations) lead to changes in corneal endothelial cell state and molecular pathways, including the aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway.

    Alterations in GRHL2-OVOL2-ZEB1 axis and aberrant activation of Wnt signaling lead to altered gene transcription in posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy.
    Chung DD, Zhang W, Jatavallabhula K, Barrington A, Jung J, Aldave AJ.

    02/22/2020
    Studies suggest that grainyhead like transcription factor 2 (GRHL2) may directly affect steroid receptor transcriptional activity [Review].

    Grainyhead-like Protein 2: The Emerging Role in Hormone-Dependent Cancers and Epigenetics.
    Reese RM, Harrison MM, Alarid ET.

    12/21/2019
    Unlike ER, pS118-ER sites were enriched in GRHL2 DNA binding motifs, and estrogen treatment increased GRHL2 recruitment to sites occupied by pS118-ER.

    The Phosphorylated Estrogen Receptor α (ER) Cistrome Identifies a Subset of Active Enhancers Enriched for Direct ER-DNA Binding and the Transcription Factor GRHL2.
    Helzer KT, Szatkowski Ozers M, Meyer MB, Benkusky NA, Solodin N, Reese RM, Warren CL, Pike JW, Alarid ET., Free PMC Article

    12/7/2019
    recruited to a subset of estrogen receptor binding sites and regulates transcriptional output

    VULCAN integrates ChIP-seq with patient-derived co-expression networks to identify GRHL2 as a key co-regulator of ERa at enhancers in breast cancer.
    Holding AN, Giorgi FM, Donnelly A, Cullen AE, Nagarajan S, Selth LA, Markowetz F., Free PMC Article

    07/20/2019
    The grainyhead-like-2 (GRHL2) genetic variants were reported in age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) susceptibility in several case-control studies

    Association of polymorphisms in grainyhead-like-2 gene with the susceptibility to age-related hearing loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Han B, Yang X, Li Y, Hosseini DK, Tu Y, Dong Y, He Z, Yuan J, Cai H, Zhang K, Zhang X, Zhou T, Sun H., Free PMC Article

    07/13/2019
    results demonstrated that GRHL2 was upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. Knockdown of GRHL2 suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway in CRC cell lines. Collectively, we concluded that GRHL2 act as an oncoprotein in CRC.

    Knockdown of GRHL2 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of colorectal cancer by suppressing the PI3K/Akt pathway.
    Hu F, He Z, Sun C, Rong D.

    05/18/2019
    Mesenchymal-epithelial transition, NK-sensitization and ICAM-1 expression were promoted by GRHL2-KMT2C/D interactions and by GRHL2 inhibition of p300, revealing novel and potentially targetable epigenetic mechanisms connecting the epithelial phenotype with target cell susceptibility to NK killing.

    Grainyhead-like-2 confers NK-sensitivity through interactions with epigenetic modifiers.
    MacFawn I, Wilson H, Selth LA, Leighton I, Serebriiskii I, Bleackley RC, Elzamzamy O, Farris J, Pifer PM, Richer J, Frisch SM., Free PMC Article

    05/4/2019
    Whole-genome sequencing identified a unique variant (c.20+544G>T) within an intronic regulatory region of GRHL2.

    Ectopic GRHL2 Expression Due to Non-coding Mutations Promotes Cell State Transition and Causes Posterior Polymorphous Corneal Dystrophy 4.
    Liskova P, Dudakova L, Evans CJ, Rojas Lopez KE, Pontikos N, Athanasiou D, Jama H, Sach J, Skalicka P, Stranecky V, Kmoch S, Thaung C, Filipec M, Cheetham ME, Davidson AE, Tuft SJ, Hardcastle AJ., Free PMC Article

    12/22/2018
    GRHL2 gene may have a role in orbital innervations and the defect in this gene (deletion) may be related to the Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 1 phenotype.

    A microdeletion in the GRHL2 Gene in two unrelated patients with congenital fibrosis of the extra ocular muscles.
    Abu-Amero KK, Kondkar AA, Khan AO., Free PMC Article

    06/23/2018
    In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that GRHL2 has a functional role in the regulation of epithelial plasticity of PDAC cells.

    Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) regulates epithelial plasticity in pancreatic cancer progression.
    Nishino H, Takano S, Yoshitomi H, Suzuki K, Kagawa S, Shimazaki R, Shimizu H, Furukawa K, Miyazaki M, Ohtsuka M., Free PMC Article

    02/24/2018
    data analysis and modeling results highlight the relationships among multiple crucial Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition /Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition drivers including ZEB1, GRHL2, CD24, and ESRP1, particularly in basal-like breast cancers, which are most similar to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and are considered the most dangerous subtype

    The GRHL2/ZEB Feedback Loop-A Key Axis in the Regulation of EMT in Breast Cancer.
    Mooney SM, Talebian V, Jolly MK, Jia D, Gromala M, Levine H, McConkey BJ.

    12/30/2017
    Data indicate a 'phenotypic stability factors' (PSFs) such as GRHL2 that couple to the core epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) decision-making circuit (miR-200/ZEB) and stabilize hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (hybrid E/M) E/M phenotype.

    Stability of the hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype.
    Jolly MK, Tripathi SC, Jia D, Mooney SM, Celiktas M, Hanash SM, Mani SA, Pienta KJ, Ben-Jacob E, Levine H., Free PMC Article

    12/16/2017
    All of these processes involve epithelial-mesencyhmal transition (EMT), MET or a sequence of both, suggesting that the GRHL factors((GRHL1, GRHL2 and GRHL3), could potentially affect tumor initiation and progression via EMT

    Roles of Grainyhead-like transcription factors in cancer.
    Frisch SM, Farris JC, Pifer PM.

    11/26/2017
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