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    GCSAM germinal center associated signaling and motility [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 257144, updated on 4-Jan-2025

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    GeneRIFPubMed TitleDate
    Value of GCET1, HGAL (GCET2), and LMO2 in the Determination of Germinal Center Phenotype in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.

    Value of GCET1, HGAL (GCET2), and LMO2 in the Determination of Germinal Center Phenotype in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.
    Berker N, Yeğen G, Özlük Y, Doğan Ö., Free PMC Article

    09/1/2023
    HGAL inhibits lymphoma dissemination by interacting with multiple cytoskeletal proteins.

    HGAL inhibits lymphoma dissemination by interacting with multiple cytoskeletal proteins.
    Jiang X, Lu X, Gentles AJ, Zhao D, Wander SA, Zhang Y, Natkunam Y, Slingerland J, Reis IM, Rabinovich B, Abdulreda MH, Moy VT, Lossos IS., Free PMC Article

    01/8/2022
    Conditional expression of HGAL leads to the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in mice.

    Conditional expression of HGAL leads to the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in mice.
    Raboso-Gallego J, Casado-García A, Jiang X, Isidro-Hernández M, Gentles AJ, Zhao S, Natkunam Y, Blanco O, Domínguez V, Pintado B, Alonso-López D, De Las Rivas J, Vicente-Dueñas C, Lossos IS, Sanchez-Garcia I., Free PMC Article

    10/2/2021
    Recent BCR stimulation induces a negative autoregulatory loop via FBXO10 mediated degradation of HGAL.

    Recent BCR stimulation induces a negative autoregulatory loop via FBXO10 mediated degradation of HGAL.
    Guo F, Luo Y, Jiang X, Lu X, Roberti D, Lossos C, Kunkalla K, Magistri M, Rui L, Verdun R, Vega F, Moy VT, Lossos IS.

    08/13/2020
    we have demonstrated that Grb2 directly interacts with phosphorylated HGAL, collaborating in cSMAC formation while oppositely regulating BCR-induced intracellular biochemical signaling. These interactions may play an important function in regulating the magnitude of BCR signaling and antigen presentation.

    Interplay between HGAL and Grb2 proteins regulates B-cell receptor signaling.
    Jiang X, Lu X, Zhang Y, Lacaria L, Schuchardt BJ, Mikles DC, Magistri M, García-Ramírez I, Sanchez-Garcia I, Farooq A, Verdun RE, Abdulreda MH, Moy VT, Lossos IS., Free PMC Article

    08/1/2020
    Diagnostic Utility of the Germinal Center-associated Markers GCET1, HGAL, and LMO2 in Hematolymphoid Neoplasms.

    Diagnostic Utility of the Germinal Center-associated Markers GCET1, HGAL, and LMO2 in Hematolymphoid Neoplasms.
    Menter T, Gasser A, Juskevicius D, Dirnhofer S, Tzankov A.

    05/14/2016
    These findings further elucidate the growing and complex role of HGAL in B-cell biology and suggest that membrane-bound and cytoplasmic HGAL protein differently regulates distinct biological processes.

    HGAL localization to cell membrane regulates B-cell receptor signaling.
    Lu X, Sicard R, Jiang X, Stockus JN, McNamara G, Abdulreda M, Moy VT, Landgraf R, Lossos IS., Free PMC Article

    03/28/2015
    HGAL and LMO2 may be useful adjuncts in the identification of follicular lymphoma of the nongastric gastrointestinal tract.

    Usefulness of HGAL and LMO2 immunohistochemistry in the identification of follicular lymphomas of the non-gastric gastrointestinal tract.
    Chapman-Fredricks J, Younes SF, Fan YS, Sandoval-Sus JD, Natkunam Y, Lossos IS.

    09/28/2013
    the germinal centre protein human germinal centre-associated lymphoma regulates B-cell receptor signalling in B-lymphocytes which, without appropriate control, may lead to B-cell lymphoproliferation.

    Germinal centre protein HGAL promotes lymphoid hyperplasia and amyloidosis via BCR-mediated Syk activation.
    Romero-Camarero I, Jiang X, Natkunam Y, Lu X, Vicente-Dueñas C, Gonzalez-Herrero I, Flores T, Garcia JL, McNamara G, Kunder C, Zhao S, Segura V, Fontan L, Martínez-Climent JA, García-Criado FJ, Theis JD, Dogan A, Campos-Sánchez E, Green MR, Alizadeh AA, Cobaleda C, Sánchez-García I, Lossos IS., Free PMC Article

    06/22/2013
    HGAL/GCET2 protein expression may function as a marker for germinal center B-cell type diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

    The contribution of HGAL/GCET2 in immunohistological algorithms: a comparative study in 424 cases of nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
    Gualco G, Bacchi LM, Domeny-Duarte P, Natkunam Y, Bacchi CE.

    04/27/2013
    Immunostaining for HGAL was more frequently positive than that for BCL6 and CD10 in follicular lymphomas

    Comparison of germinal center markers CD10, BCL6 and human germinal center-associated lymphoma (HGAL) in follicular lymphomas.
    Goteri G, Lucarini G, Zizzi A, Costagliola A, Giantomassi F, Stramazzotti D, Rubini C, Leoni P., Free PMC Article

    01/28/2012
    Data suggest that both HGAL and LMO2 are directly regulated by the transcription repressor PRDM1--overexpression of PRDM1 down-regulates HGAL and LMO2; PRDM1 directly binds to promoters of both HGAL and LMO2 and represses genetic transcription.

    PRDM1/Blimp1 downregulates expression of germinal center genes LMO2 and HGAL.
    Cubedo E, Maurin M, Jiang X, Lossos IS, Wright KL., Free PMC Article

    10/22/2011
    necessary for germinal center maintenance and confining B-cells to the germinal center microenvironment

    HGAL protein expression persists in disorders of germinal center dissolution: potential role of HGAL in the germinal center microenvironment.
    Temmins C, Zhao S, Lossos IS, Natkunam Y.

    07/30/2011
    show that HGAL increases the binding of myosin to F-actin and inhibits the ability of myosin to translocate actin by reducing the maximal velocity of myosin head/actin movement

    Germinal center-specific protein human germinal center associated lymphoma directly interacts with both myosin and actin and increases the binding of myosin to actin.
    Lu X, Kazmierczak K, Jiang X, Jones M, Watt J, Helfman DM, Moore JR, Szczesna-Cordary D, Lossos IS., Free PMC Article

    07/23/2011
    HGAL is sensitive and specific marker for detecting follicular lymphoma in nodal and extranodal sites

    The efficacy of HGAL and LMO2 in the separation of lymphomas derived from small B cells in nodal and extranodal sites, including the bone marrow.
    Younes SF, Beck AH, Ohgami RS, Lossos IS, Levy R, Warnke RA, Natkunam Y., Free PMC Article

    06/18/2011
    molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory effects of germinal center-specific HGAL protein on the motility of GC-derived lymphoma cells

    HGAL, a germinal center specific protein, decreases lymphoma cell motility by modulation of the RhoA signaling pathway.
    Jiang X, Lu X, McNamara G, Liu X, Cubedo E, Sarosiek KA, Sánchez-García I, Helfman DM, Lossos IS., Free PMC Article

    01/8/2011
    Our results show that HGAL and LMO2 are sensitive markers for follicular lymphoma diagnosis.

    Immunoarchitectural patterns in follicular lymphoma: efficacy of HGAL and LMO2 in the detection of the interfollicular and diffuse components.
    Younes SF, Beck AH, Lossos IS, Levy R, Warnke RA, Natkunam Y., Free PMC Article

    09/20/2010
    Study confirms and validates findings of a correlation between HGAL expression and outcome in classical HL.

    Human germinal center-associated lymphoma protein expression is associated with improved failure-free survival in Brazilian patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma.
    Azambuja D, Lossos IS, Biasoli I, Morais JC, Britto L, Scheliga A, Pulcheri W, Natkunam Y, Spector N., Free PMC Article

    02/8/2010
    The correlation of HGAL expression with the germinal center B-cell phenotype demonstrates the role of this marker in the classification of cutaneous large B-cell lymphomas

    Expression of HGAL in primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphomas: evidence for germinal center derivation of primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma.
    Xie X, Sundram U, Natkunam Y, Kohler S, Hoppe RT, Kim YH, Cook JR, Hammel J, Swerdlow SH, Guitart J, Smith MD, Bosler D, Listinsky C, Lossos IS, Hsi ED.

    01/21/2010
    HGAL is involved in negative regulation of lymphocyte migration, thus constraining lymphocytes to the germinal center

    HGAL, a lymphoma prognostic biomarker, interacts with the cytoskeleton and mediates the effects of IL-6 on cell migration.
    Lu X, Chen J, Malumbres R, Cubedo Gil E, Helfman DM, Lossos IS., Free PMC Article

    01/21/2010
    Results report the cloning of germinal center B-cell expressed transcripts 1 and 2 (GCET1 and 2), and show that both are expressed in follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with germinal center B-cell differentiation

    Two newly characterized germinal center B-cell-associated genes, GCET1 and GCET2, have differential expression in normal and neoplastic B cells.
    Pan Z, Shen Y, Du C, Zhou G, Rosenwald A, Staudt LM, Greiner TC, McKeithan TW, Chan WC., Free PMC Article

    01/21/2010
    The restricted expression and germinal center specificity of HGAL protein suggest that it may have an important role in the diagnosis of specific lymphomas

    Expression of the human germinal center-associated lymphoma (HGAL) protein, a new marker of germinal center B-cell derivation.
    Natkunam Y, Lossos IS, Taidi B, Zhao S, Lu X, Ding F, Hammer AS, Marafioti T, Byrne GE Jr, Levy S, Warnke RA, Levy R., Free PMC Article

    01/21/2010
    gene is induced by IL4 and expression strongly predicts survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

    HGAL is a novel interleukin-4-inducible gene that strongly predicts survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
    Lossos IS, Alizadeh AA, Rajapaksa R, Tibshirani R, Levy R, Lossos IS, Alizadeh AA, Rajapaksa R, Tibshirani R, Levy R.

    01/21/2010
    results report the cloning of HGAL, a germinal center its expression pattern in normal tissues and hematologic malignancies, its induction by IL4, and the prognostic significance of its expression in predicting survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

    HGAL is a novel interleukin-4-inducible gene that strongly predicts survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
    Lossos IS, Alizadeh AA, Rajapaksa R, Tibshirani R, Levy R, Lossos IS, Alizadeh AA, Rajapaksa R, Tibshirani R, Levy R.

    09/24/2003
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