show Abstracthide AbstractWe aimed to test the hypothesis that the transcriptional profile of wheat roots can be changed by the AM symbiotic signals, even though there is no physical contact with AM fungi. A total of 2,360 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 1,888 up-regulated DEGs and 472 down-regulated DEGs were found. Among them, 59 were highly induced DEGs (gene expression fold changed > 500), and 121 genes only expressed in the NM treatment. The DGEs covered all the 21 chromosomes of wheat genome, and were dominantly distributed on the 2A, 2B, 2D, 3B, 5B and 5D chromosomes. Most of the DEGs located at membrane, and functioned in catalytic activity, transferase activity and binding. 63 orthologues of the previously reported genes wich play important roles during AM symbiosis in model plants were found. Overall design: 6 samples for the two treatments, and three biological replicates for each treatment