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SRX24530113: GSM8262904: Gentamicin 20 min, input DNA; Escherichia coli; ChIP-Seq
1 ILLUMINA (Illumina NovaSeq 6000) run: 5.2M spots, 1.4G bases, 427.4Mb downloads

External Id: GSM8262904_r1
Submitted by: Tsinghua University
Study: RNAP stalling-derived genome instability underlies ribosomal antibiotics efficacy and resistance evolution (ChIP-seq data)
show Abstracthide Abstract
Bacteria often evolve antibiotic resistance through mutagenesis. However, the processes causing the mutagenesis have not been fully resolved. Here we found that a broad range of ribosome-targeting antibiotics caused mutations through an underexplored pathway. Focusing on the clinically important aminoglycoside gentamicin, we found that the translation inhibitor caused genome-wide premature stalling of RNA polymerase (RNAP) in a loci-dependent manner. Further analysis showed that the stalling was caused by disruption of transcription-translation coupling. Anti-intuitively, the stalled RNAPs subsequently induced lesions to the DNA via transcription-coupled repair. While most of the bacteria were killed by genotoxicity, a small subpopulation acquired mutations via SOS-induced mutagenesis. Given that these processes were triggered shortly after antibiotic addition, resistance rapidly emerged in the population. Our work revealed a new mechanism of action of ribosomal antibiotics, illustrates the importance of dissecting the complex interplay between multiple molecular processes in understanding antibiotic efficacy, and suggests new strategies for countering the development of resistance. Overall design: To dissect the temporal relationship bewteen RNAP stalling and DNA damage, we profiled RNAP stalling and DNA damage using ChIP-seq on RpoB and Gam respectively. RpoB is the ß subunit of RNAP; Gam is a phage protein that can capture the presence of DNA damage in vivo by binding to double-strand DNA ends. Briefly, we engineered a strain with IPTG-inducible 3xFLAG-tagged gam, supplemented 6 µg/ml of gentamicin to exponential phase bacteria (induced Gam expression ~3 h before gentamicin), and harvested the bacteria before and 20, 40, 60 min after gentamicin treatment respectively. We then split the samples in two halves, and performed ChIP-seq on RpoB and Gam-3xFLAG respectively
Sample: Gentamicin 20 min, input DNA
SAMN41376400 • SRS21276247 • All experiments • All runs
Library:
Name: GSM8262904
Instrument: Illumina NovaSeq 6000
Strategy: ChIP-Seq
Source: GENOMIC
Selection: ChIP
Layout: PAIRED
Construction protocol: The Cells were harvest by spin at 5,000 g for 3 min, and washed once with 20 ml PBS. The washed cell pellets were then resuspended in 1% paraformaldehyde (Beyotime, P0099) diluted by PBS (5 ml for 40 ml culture of OD600~0.5, with the volume adjusted accordingly), and incubated at 25 °C for 30 min with rotation to perform crosslinking. The fixation reaction was quenched by adding Glycine-HCl (Solarbio, G8200; Sigma, 320331) solution to a final concentration of 125 mM. The fixed cells were collected and washed twice with 10 ml TBS (50 mM Tris HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), and then frozen by liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 °C before use. The thawed pellets were resuspended with 1.1 ml TBS supplemented with proteinase inhibitor (Thermo Fisher, A32955), and sonicated on ice until the resuspensions turned clear. After spin at 12,000 g for 10 min, the supernatant of lysates was transferred to a new tube. Each lysate was split into a DNA input control (0.1 ml) and immunoprecipitation (IP) samples for Gam-3xFLAG ChIP (0.5 ml) and RpoB ChIP (0.5 ml). For the RpoB ChIP experiments, 8 μl of anti-RpoB antibody (Abcam, ab191598) was added to the IP lysate and incubated overnight at 4 °C with rotation. Next, 20 μl of Dynabeads Protein G (Thermo Fisher, 10003D) were added to the IP-RpoB lysate and incubated for 3 h at 4 °C with rotation. The beads were pelleted using a magnetic rack, and washed three times with 0.2 ml of TBS. During the last wash, the resuspension was transferred to a new tube before discarding the supernatant. Elution was performed by resuspending the washed beads in 70 ml of 50 mM Glycine-HCl (pH 2.8). After a 2-min incubation, the eluate was carefully collected. The elution was performed twice, and the eluates were combined. Finally, 15 μl of 1M Tris (pH 8.0) was then added to neutralize the pH. For the Gam-3xFLAG ChIP experiments, 20 μl ANTI-FLAG M2 magnetic beads (Sigma, M8823) were added to another IP lysate and incubated for 2 h at 4 °C with rotation. The beads were then washed and eluted as stated in the RpoB ChIP experiment. Together with the DNA input control, we incubated the eluates from RpoB ChIP and Gam-3xFLAG ChIP at 65 °C overnight with mild shaking, supplementing with Proteinase K at a final concentration of 0.4 mg/ml. We then extracted the DNA from those samples using the MasterPure Complete DNA/RNA Purification Kit, and measured the concentration with the Qubit 1xdsDNA HS Assay Kit. For library construction, we used the same process as described in the genome re-sequencing, but input 5 ng DNA per sample and scaled down the tagmentation system accordingly.
Runs: 1 run, 5.2M spots, 1.4G bases, 427.4Mb
Run# of Spots# of BasesSizePublished
SRR290029835,244,5401.4G427.4Mb2024-05-15

ID:
32847945

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