show Abstracthide AbstractThis study emphasized that supplementary far-red light in the plant factory could simultaneously promote the vegetative growth and accelerate the reproductive growth of Chinese kale through regulating expression of key genes in plant circadian rhythm pathway, elevate the elongation growth and modify the vegetative architecture of Chinese kale in a phytohormone-dependent manner, and increase the plant biomass of Chinese kale by enhanced photosynthesis, higher accumulation of photosynthetic pig-ments and mineral elements.