show Abstracthide AbstractHypoxia adaptation is an important and necessary trait for many subterranean mammals to conduct activities underground. Eospalax fontanierii cansus (E. cansus) (synonm: Myospalax cansus) is one kind of subterranean rodent distributing in China. To survey the potential molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia tolerance in E. cansus, transcriptome sequencing were performed under three different oxygen conditions with variant duration: normoxia (21% O2), chronic hypoxia (10.5% O2 44 hours), and acute hypoxia (6.5% O2 4 hours).