show Abstracthide AbstractCalandrinia are small, succulent herbs that display broad variation in habitat, growth form, morphology, life history, and photosynthetic metabolism. The lineage is traditionally placed within the Montiaceae, which in turn is sister to the rest of the Portulacineae (Caryophyllales). Calandrinia occupies two distinct biogeographic regions, one in the Americas with about 14 species, and one in Australia with about 70 species. Past analyses of the Montiaceae present conflicting hypotheses for the phylogenetic placement and monophyly of Calandrinia, and to date, there has been no molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Australian species. Using a targeted gene enrichment approach, we sequenced 297 loci from multiple gene families of interest across Calandrinia and the Montiaceae, including all named and 16 putative new species of Australian Calandrinia, and the enigmatic monotypic genus Rumicastrum.