show Abstracthide AbstractNeotropical true fruit flies of the Anastrepha genus is a highly diverse genus with more than 300 described species and widely distributed in the Americas. Several of these species are considered as major agricultural pests, because of the damage they cause to a variety of fleshy fruits. Although their economic importance, phylogenetic relationships of these species remain obscure, mostly due to be closely related species that diverged recently with evidence of introgression. We sequenced the transcriptomes from reproductive tissues of virgin females of 10 different lineages across the genus, which includes some of the economically most important pests. This dataset was used to investigate evolutionary patterns of the diversification in a phylogenomic context, and develop a strategy to search for a set of informative genes to identify fraterculus group lineages, which may be useful even for the recalcitrant species of A. fraterculus complex.