A kindred of 68 French Acadians who were heterozygous for a dominant gene of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease associated with peripheral nerve hypertrophy are described. Marriage between 2 heterozygotes resulted in 2 homozygous offspring. Clinical features of the homozygotes were similar to the classic description of Dejerine-Sottas disease. Laboratory studies in this family revealed no chemical, metabolic, or chromosomal abnormalities in either the homozygotes or the heterozygotes.