Molecular Diagnosis Is Vital to the Accurate Classification and Management of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Children

Front Immunol. 2022 Apr 11:13:836960. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836960. eCollection 2022.

Abstract

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare but potentially life-threatening hematologic disease, presenting a myriad of diagnostic and management challenges in children. Here, we provide a review of this disorder and discuss 2 exemplary cases of TTP occurring in adolescents, emphasizing the need for consideration of late-onset congenital TTP (cTTP). We demonstrate the importance of early confirmation of ADAMTS13 enzyme deficiency and the presence or absence of ADAMTS13 inhibitor in order to rapidly initiate the appropriate life-saving therapies. Ultimately, molecular testing is paramount to distinguishing between congenital and acquired immune-mediated TTP.

Keywords: ADAMTS13; congenital TTP; immune-mediated TTP; inhibitor; pediatric.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Child
  • Humans
  • Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic* / diagnosis
  • Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic* / genetics
  • Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic* / therapy

Supplementary concepts

  • Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, acquired