The Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG) confirmed safety and efficacy of hydroxyurea therapy for infants with sickle cell anemia. Treatment was associated with reduction in rates of pain, acute chest syndrome, hospitalizations, and blood transfusions; improved hematologic values; and, perhaps, preservation of organ function. During the study, a 2-year-old ingested at one time an entire 35-day supply of hydroxyurea (612 mg/kg body weight). Despite a serum level of 7,756 µM 4 hours post-ingestion, the only toxicity was transient mild myelosuppression. With wider usage of hydroxyurea anticipated, conservative management of future overdoses seems reasonable (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00006400).
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