Immune response to influenza vaccination in children and adults with asthma: effect of corticosteroid therapy

J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 Apr;113(4):717-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2003.12.584.

Abstract

Background: Annual influenza vaccination is currently recommended as a preventative measure for all patients with asthma. However, the effect of maintenance corticosteroid therapy on the immune response to influenza vaccine has received limited evaluation.

Objective: In this study, we evaluated the effect of corticosteroid therapy on the immune response to influenza vaccine in children and adults with asthma.

Methods: This was a substudy of a larger multicenter, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, crossover study investigating the safety of trivalent influenza vaccine in patients with asthma. At baseline, 294 subjects were randomized to receive either placebo first (n=139) or inactivated trivalent split-virus influenza vaccine first (n=155). Study subjects were categorized into 2 groups: subjects in group 1 (n=148) were receiving medium-dose or high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) or oral corticosteroids, whereas subjects in group 2 (n=146) were not receiving corticosteroids or were receiving low-dose ICSs. Serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers for the vaccine antigens were measured before and 4 weeks after the administration of placebo or vaccine.

Results: Serologic responses to each influenza vaccine antigen were significantly higher in vaccine than in placebo recipients and were similar among influenza vaccine recipients in groups 1 and 2 for the following endpoints: rise in antibody titer, percent of participants who developed a serological response, and percent of subjects who developed a serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer > or =1:32. Post hoc subgroup analyses demonstrated an attenuated response to influenza B antigen in subjects receiving high-dose ICS compared with subjects who were steroid-naïve (P<.05).

Conclusion: The immune response to the A antigens of the inactivated influenza vaccine in subjects with asthma is not adversely affected by ICS therapy. High-dose ICS therapy may diminish the response to the B antigen of the vaccine, an observation that needs further investigation.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Multicenter Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones / therapeutic use*
  • Adult
  • Antibody Formation / drug effects
  • Antigens, Viral / immunology
  • Asthma / drug therapy*
  • Asthma / immunology*
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Influenza Vaccines / immunology
  • Influenza Vaccines / therapeutic use*
  • Influenza, Human / prevention & control*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Placebos
  • Vaccination*

Substances

  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones
  • Antigens, Viral
  • Influenza Vaccines
  • Placebos