Abstract
Mammalian mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases include extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 subgroups. These MAP kinase isoforms are activated by dual phosphorylation on threonine and tyrosine. Two human MAP kinase kinases (MKK3 and MKK4) were cloned that phosphorylate and activate p38 MAP kinase. These MKK isoforms did not activate the ERK subgroup of MAP kinases, but MKK4 did activate JNK. These data demonstrate that the activators of p38 (MKK3 and MKK4), JNK (MKK4), and ERK (MEK1 and MEK2) define independent MAP kinase signal transduction pathways.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Amino Acid Sequence
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Animals
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Base Sequence
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Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / metabolism*
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Cell Line
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Cloning, Molecular
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Enzyme Activation
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Humans
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JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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MAP Kinase Kinase 3
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MAP Kinase Kinase 4*
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases*
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases*
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Phosphorylation
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / chemistry
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism*
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / chemistry
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / metabolism*
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Signal Transduction*
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Substrate Specificity
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Transfection
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p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Substances
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
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Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases
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JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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MAP Kinase Kinase 3
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MAP Kinase Kinase 4
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MAP2K3 protein, human
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MAP2K4 protein, human
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
Associated data
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GENBANK/L36719
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GENBANK/L36870