PCDH18 is frequently inactivated by promoter methylation in colorectal cancer

Sci Rep. 2017 Jun 6;7(1):2819. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03133-w.

Abstract

Protocadherin18 (PCDH18) was found to be preferentially methylated and inactivated in colorectal cancer (CRC) using bioinformatics tools. However, its biologic role in tumorgenesis remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to elucidate its epigenetic regulation and biological functions in CRC. The methylation status of PCDH18 was significant higher in CRC tissues than in adjacent non-tumor tissues (median, 15.17% vs. median, 0.4438%). Expression level of PCDH18 was significantly lower in primary CRCs than in nonmalignant tissues. Importantly, methylation status of PCDH18 in cell-free DNA of CRC patients was also significantly higher than in healthy subjects. PCDH18 was readily expressed in NCM460 cells, but downregulated in 100% (4/4) of CRC cell lines by promoter methylation, despite its expression could be restored through demethylation treatment. Overexpression of PCDH18 suppressed CRC cell viability, colony formation and migration. Meanwhile, the depletion of PCDH18 by siRNA in NCM460 cells enhanced the colonogenicity and migration ability and promoted β-catenin nuclear accumulation, whereas it inhibited cell cycle arrest. These effects were associated with upregulation of phospho-GSK-3β and cyclin D1, and downregulation of caspase3 and p21. Our results suggested that PCDH18 was a putative tumor suppressor with epigenetic silencing in CRC and a potential biomarker for CRC diagnosis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Cadherins / genetics*
  • Caspase 3 / genetics
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Movement / genetics
  • Cell-Free Nucleic Acids / blood
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / blood
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology
  • Cyclin D1 / genetics
  • DNA Methylation / genetics*
  • Epigenesis, Genetic*
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta / genetics
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic
  • Protocadherins
  • RNA, Small Interfering / genetics
  • beta Catenin / genetics

Substances

  • CTNNB1 protein, human
  • Cadherins
  • Cell-Free Nucleic Acids
  • PCDH18 protein, human
  • Protocadherins
  • RNA, Small Interfering
  • beta Catenin
  • Cyclin D1
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
  • Caspase 3