Value-based payment in implementing evidence-based care: the Mental Health Integration Program in Washington state

Am J Manag Care. 2017 Jan;23(1):48-53.

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the role of value-based payment (VBP) in improving fidelity and patient outcomes in community implementation of an evidence-based mental health intervention, the Collaborative Care Model (CCM).

Study design: Retrospective study based on a natural experiment.

Methods: We used the clinical tracking data of 1806 adult patients enrolled in a large implementation of the CCM in community health clinics in Washington state. VBP was initiated in year 2 of the program, creating a natural experiment. We compared implementation fidelity (measured by 3 process-of-care elements of the CCM) between patient-months exposed to VBP and patient-months not exposed to VBP. A series of regressions were estimated to check robustness of findings. We estimated a Cox proportional hazard model to assess the effect of VBP on time to achieving clinically significant improvement in depression (measured based on changes in depression symptom scores over time).

Results: Estimated marginal effects of VBP on fidelity ranged from 9% to 30% of the level of fidelity had there been no exposure to VBP (P <.05 for every fidelity measure). Improvement in fidelity in response to VBP was greater among providers with a larger patient panel and among providers with a lower level of fidelity at baseline. Exposure to VBP was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.45 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-2.03) for achieving clinically significant improvement in depression.

Conclusions: VBP improved fidelity to key elements of the CCM, both directly incentivized and not explicitly incentivized by the VBP, and improved patient depression outcomes.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Cohort Studies
  • Community Mental Health Services / organization & administration*
  • Delivery of Health Care, Integrated / organization & administration*
  • Depressive Disorder / diagnosis
  • Depressive Disorder / economics
  • Depressive Disorder / therapy*
  • Evidence-Based Medicine
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Primary Health Care / economics*
  • Primary Health Care / methods
  • Quality Assurance, Health Care
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Value-Based Health Insurance / economics*
  • Washington