Retrotransposon hypomethylation in melanoma and expression of a placenta-specific gene

PLoS One. 2014 Apr 23;9(4):e95840. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095840. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

In the human placenta, DNA hypomethylation permits the expression of retrotransposon-derived genes that are normally silenced by methylation in somatic tissues. We previously identified hypomethylation of a retrotransposon-derived transcript of the voltage-gated potassium channel gene KCNH5 that is expressed only in human placenta. However, an RNA sequence from this placental-specific transcript has been reported in melanoma. This study examined the promoter methylation and expression of the retrotransposon-derived KCNH5 transcript in 25 melanoma cell lines to determine whether the acquisition of 'placental' epigenetic marks is a feature of melanoma. Methylation and gene expression analysis revealed hypomethylation of this retrotransposon in melanoma cell lines, particularly in those samples that express the placental KCNH5 transcript. Therefore we propose that hypomethylation of the placental-specific KCNH5 promoter is frequently associated with KCNH5 expression in melanoma cells. Our findings show that melanoma can develop hypomethylation of a retrotransposon-derived gene; a characteristic notably shared with the normal placenta.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • DNA Methylation / genetics*
  • Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels / genetics
  • Female
  • Humans
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Melanoma / genetics
  • Melanoma / metabolism
  • Placenta / metabolism*
  • Pregnancy
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics
  • Retroelements / genetics*

Substances

  • Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels
  • KCNH5 protein, human
  • Retroelements

Grants and funding

This work was funded by the University of Otago and Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development (New Zealand). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.