The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) system is widely distributed in the central nervous system. A growing body of evidence has suggested that the neurotransmitter system is implicated in the functions of the prefrontal cortex. So far, several studies have revealed that some functional genetic variants in TPH2, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT6 genes are possibly related to executive function. To investigate the potential influences of TPH2, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT6 on the components of executive function, the authors performed a population-based study with standard cognitive paradigms in a young Chinese Han group. The results indicated that -703 G/T polymorphism of TPH2 was associated with the performance of response inhibition (p = .002) and the T allele carriers (TT and GT) had fewer errors than the noncarriers (GG) did in the response inhibition test. Furthermore, there were no significant associations of the T102C in 5-HT2A and T267C in 5-HT6 with the components of executive function after correcting for multiple tests (p > .05). The present study suggests that TPH2 contributes distinctively to the inhibition domain of executive function, whereas 5-HT2A and 5-HT6 show no striking effects on executive function in the Chinese Han population.