Ace inhibitor/cough phenotype algorithm in BioVU
Cases
Potential cases were identified if they contained at least one term from List 1 (terms identifying an ace-inhibitor, see below) AND List 2 (terms identifying cough, see below) on the same line (e.g., sentence) within the “Allergy section”, “Medication section” or within the entire “Patient summary section” of the EMR.
Records for identified cases were reviewed manually. The largest number of cases were identified through the allergy section, which was very sensitive and very specific. Relatively few cases came from the other sections, which gave lower specificity searches.
Controls:
Patients on ACEI (List 1) with two mentions in medication records for at least 6 months without a documented allergy of cough.
Exclusions:
- Taking ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers) ever (List 3)
Covariates for analysis
- Age at diagnosis
- Gender
- Comorbidities:
- Asthma: (ICD-9s: 493 493.0 493.1 493.9 493.01 493.11 493.00 493.02 493.10 493.12 493.2 493.20 493.8 493.82 493.90 493.21 493.91 493.22 493.92)
- Post nasal drip: (ICD-9s: 461 473 461.0 461.1 461.2 461.3 461.8 461.9 473.0 473.1 473.2 473.3 473.8 473.9).
- GERD: (ICD-9s: 530.11, 530.81)
- Bronchitis: (ICD-9s: 490)
- Chronic bronchitis: (ICD-9s: 491,491.0,491.1,491.2,491.20,491.21, 491.22,491.8,491.9)
- Emphysema: (ICD-9s: 492,492.0,492.8)
- Bronchiectasis: (ICD-9s: 494,494.0,494.1)
- Allergic alveolitis: (ICD-9s: 495,495.0,495.1,495.2,495.3,495.4,495.5, 495.6,495.7,495.8,495.9)
- COPD: 496
- Self-reported ethnicity
- Smoking: Ever vs. Never.
List 1 (synonyms for ace inhibitor)
- accupril
- accuprin
- accupro
- "ace "
- ace inhibitor
- ace(
- ace-
- ace-i
- ace-inhibitor
- ace:
- ace_
- acecor
- acei
- aceinhibitor
- aceon
- acepress
- acepril
- acequin
- acercomp
- acovil
- acuitel
- alopresin
- altace
- apopril
- benazepril
- benazeprilum
- bonuten
- briem
- capoten
- captolane
- captopril
- captopryl
- captoril
- carasel
- cardace
- cesplon
- cibacen
- cilazapril
- coversyl
- delix
- dilabar
- enalapril
- fosinopril
- gadopril
- garranil
- hipertil
- hypertil
- hypren
- hytren
- inhibace
- inhibril
- kinfil
- korec
- linopril
- lisinopril
- lisipril
- lopirin
- lopril
- lostapres
- lotensin
- lysinopril
- mavik
- moexipril
- monopril
- noperten
- perindopril
- pramace
- presiten
- prinivil
- quark
- quinapril
- quinazil
- ramace
- ramipril
- renormax
- sinopril
- spirapril
- staril
- tenosbon
- tensoprel
- trandolapril
- trandolaprilum
- triatec
- tritace
- unipril
- univasc
- vasotec
- vesdil
- Zestril
List 2
- Cough
- Caugh
List 3
- candesartan
- atacand
- irbesartan
- avapro
- losartan
- cozaar
- valsartan
- diovan
- telmisartan
- micardis
- eprosartan
- olmesartan
- benicar
- atacand hct
- avalide
- benicar hct
- diovan hct
- hyzaar
- micardis hct
- teveten hct