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dbSNP Short Genetic Variations

Welcome to the Reference SNP (rs) Report

All alleles are reported in the Forward orientation. Click on the Variant Details tab for details on Genomic Placement, Gene, and Amino Acid changes. HGVS names are in the HGVS tab.

Reference SNP (rs) Report

This page reports data for a single dbSNP Reference SNP variation (RefSNP or rs) from the new redesigned dbSNP build.
Top of the page reports a concise summary for the rs, with more specific details included in the corresponding tabs below.
All alleles are reported in the Forward orientation. Use the Genomic View to inspect the nucleotides flanking the variant, and its neighbors.
For more information see Help documentation.

rs52820871

Current Build 156

Released September 21, 2022

Organism
Homo sapiens
Position
chr18:60371599 (GRCh38.p14) Help

The anchor position for this RefSNP. Includes all nucleotides potentially affected by this change, thus it can differ from HGVS, which is right-shifted. See here for details.

Alleles
T>G
Variation Type
SNV Single Nucleotide Variation
Frequency
G=0.006283 (1663/264690, TOPMED)
G=0.006923 (1740/251350, GnomAD_exome)
G=0.010292 (2048/198994, ALFA) (+ 15 more)
G=0.007740 (1085/140182, GnomAD)
G=0.006838 (830/121374, ExAC)
G=0.00390 (307/78696, PAGE_STUDY)
G=0.00884 (115/13006, GO-ESP)
G=0.0022 (14/6404, 1000G_30x)
G=0.0026 (13/5008, 1000G)
G=0.0056 (25/4480, Estonian)
G=0.0109 (42/3854, ALSPAC)
G=0.0148 (55/3708, TWINSUK)
G=0.0043 (14/3290, PRJNA289433)
G=0.012 (12/998, GoNL)
G=0.003 (2/600, NorthernSweden)
G=0.024 (13/534, MGP)
G=0.020 (6/304, FINRISK)
G=0.07 (3/40, GENOME_DK)
Clinical Significance
Reported in ClinVar
Gene : Consequence
MC4R : Missense Variant
Publications
11 citations
Genomic View
See rs on genome

ALFA Allele Frequency
The ALFA project provide aggregate allele frequency from dbGaP. More information is available on the project page including descriptions, data access, and terms of use.

Release Version: 20231103111315
Population Group Sample Size Ref Allele Alt Allele Ref HMOZ Alt HMOZ HTRZ HWEP
Total Global 215400 T=0.989870 G=0.010130 0.979935 0.000195 0.01987 5
European Sub 179674 T=0.988852 G=0.011148 0.977927 0.000223 0.021851 4
African Sub 9524 T=0.9980 G=0.0020 0.99601 0.0 0.00399 0
African Others Sub 352 T=1.000 G=0.000 1.0 0.0 0.0 N/A
African American Sub 9172 T=0.9979 G=0.0021 0.995857 0.0 0.004143 0
Asian Sub 6320 T=0.9998 G=0.0002 0.999684 0.0 0.000316 0
East Asian Sub 4496 T=0.9998 G=0.0002 0.999555 0.0 0.000445 0
Other Asian Sub 1824 T=1.0000 G=0.0000 1.0 0.0 0.0 N/A
Latin American 1 Sub 820 T=0.994 G=0.006 0.987805 0.0 0.012195 0
Latin American 2 Sub 1008 T=0.9960 G=0.0040 0.992063 0.0 0.007937 0
South Asian Sub 296 T=0.997 G=0.003 0.993243 0.0 0.006757 0
Other Sub 17758 T=0.99161 G=0.00839 0.983331 0.000113 0.016556 0


Help

Frequency tab displays a table of the reference and alternate allele frequencies reported by various studies and populations. Table lines, where Population="Global" refer to the entire study population, whereas lines, where Group="Sub", refer to a study-specific population subgroupings (i.e. AFR, CAU, etc.), if available. Frequency for the alternate allele (Alt Allele) is a ratio of samples observed-to-total, where the numerator (observed samples) is the number of chromosomes in the study with the minor allele present (found in "Sample size", where Group="Sub"), and the denominator (total samples) is the total number of all chromosomes in the study for the variant (found in "Sample size", where Group="Study-wide" and Population="Global").

Download
Study Population Group Sample Size Ref Allele Alt Allele
TopMed Global Study-wide 264690 T=0.993717 G=0.006283
gnomAD - Exomes Global Study-wide 251350 T=0.993077 G=0.006923
gnomAD - Exomes European Sub 135298 T=0.989165 G=0.010835
gnomAD - Exomes Asian Sub 49000 T=0.99882 G=0.00118
gnomAD - Exomes American Sub 34586 T=0.99598 G=0.00402
gnomAD - Exomes African Sub 16256 T=0.99809 G=0.00191
gnomAD - Exomes Ashkenazi Jewish Sub 10074 T=0.99881 G=0.00119
gnomAD - Exomes Other Sub 6136 T=0.9945 G=0.0055
Allele Frequency Aggregator Total Global 198994 T=0.989708 G=0.010292
Allele Frequency Aggregator European Sub 169538 T=0.988846 G=0.011154
Allele Frequency Aggregator Other Sub 16326 T=0.99155 G=0.00845
Allele Frequency Aggregator Asian Sub 6320 T=0.9998 G=0.0002
Allele Frequency Aggregator African Sub 4686 T=0.9983 G=0.0017
Allele Frequency Aggregator Latin American 2 Sub 1008 T=0.9960 G=0.0040
Allele Frequency Aggregator Latin American 1 Sub 820 T=0.994 G=0.006
Allele Frequency Aggregator South Asian Sub 296 T=0.997 G=0.003
gnomAD - Genomes Global Study-wide 140182 T=0.992260 G=0.007740
gnomAD - Genomes European Sub 75912 T=0.98867 G=0.01133
gnomAD - Genomes African Sub 42014 T=0.99757 G=0.00243
gnomAD - Genomes American Sub 13654 T=0.99231 G=0.00769
gnomAD - Genomes Ashkenazi Jewish Sub 3320 T=0.9988 G=0.0012
gnomAD - Genomes East Asian Sub 3130 T=1.0000 G=0.0000
gnomAD - Genomes Other Sub 2152 T=0.9935 G=0.0065
ExAC Global Study-wide 121374 T=0.993162 G=0.006838
ExAC Europe Sub 73328 T=0.98995 G=0.01005
ExAC Asian Sub 25160 T=0.99869 G=0.00131
ExAC American Sub 11574 T=0.99680 G=0.00320
ExAC African Sub 10406 T=0.99808 G=0.00192
ExAC Other Sub 906 T=0.997 G=0.003
The PAGE Study Global Study-wide 78696 T=0.99610 G=0.00390
The PAGE Study AfricanAmerican Sub 32514 T=0.99732 G=0.00268
The PAGE Study Mexican Sub 10808 T=0.99574 G=0.00426
The PAGE Study Asian Sub 8318 T=0.9996 G=0.0004
The PAGE Study PuertoRican Sub 7918 T=0.9920 G=0.0080
The PAGE Study NativeHawaiian Sub 4534 T=0.9974 G=0.0026
The PAGE Study Cuban Sub 4230 T=0.9929 G=0.0071
The PAGE Study Dominican Sub 3828 T=0.9940 G=0.0060
The PAGE Study CentralAmerican Sub 2450 T=0.9947 G=0.0053
The PAGE Study SouthAmerican Sub 1980 T=0.9939 G=0.0061
The PAGE Study NativeAmerican Sub 1260 T=0.9881 G=0.0119
The PAGE Study SouthAsian Sub 856 T=0.996 G=0.004
GO Exome Sequencing Project Global Study-wide 13006 T=0.99116 G=0.00884
GO Exome Sequencing Project European American Sub 8600 T=0.9884 G=0.0116
GO Exome Sequencing Project African American Sub 4406 T=0.9966 G=0.0034
1000Genomes_30x Global Study-wide 6404 T=0.9978 G=0.0022
1000Genomes_30x African Sub 1786 T=1.0000 G=0.0000
1000Genomes_30x Europe Sub 1266 T=0.9921 G=0.0079
1000Genomes_30x South Asian Sub 1202 T=0.9992 G=0.0008
1000Genomes_30x East Asian Sub 1170 T=1.0000 G=0.0000
1000Genomes_30x American Sub 980 T=0.997 G=0.003
1000Genomes Global Study-wide 5008 T=0.9974 G=0.0026
1000Genomes African Sub 1322 T=1.0000 G=0.0000
1000Genomes East Asian Sub 1008 T=1.0000 G=0.0000
1000Genomes Europe Sub 1006 T=0.9911 G=0.0089
1000Genomes South Asian Sub 978 T=0.999 G=0.001
1000Genomes American Sub 694 T=0.996 G=0.004
Genetic variation in the Estonian population Estonian Study-wide 4480 T=0.9944 G=0.0056
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children PARENT AND CHILD COHORT Study-wide 3854 T=0.9891 G=0.0109
UK 10K study - Twins TWIN COHORT Study-wide 3708 T=0.9852 G=0.0148
MxGDAR/Encodat-PGx Global Study-wide 3290 T=0.9957 G=0.0043
MxGDAR/Encodat-PGx MxGDAR Sub 3290 T=0.9957 G=0.0043
Genome of the Netherlands Release 5 Genome of the Netherlands Study-wide 998 T=0.988 G=0.012
Northern Sweden ACPOP Study-wide 600 T=0.997 G=0.003
Medical Genome Project healthy controls from Spanish population Spanish controls Study-wide 534 T=0.976 G=0.024
FINRISK Finnish from FINRISK project Study-wide 304 T=0.980 G=0.020
The Danish reference pan genome Danish Study-wide 40 T=0.93 G=0.07
Help

Variant Details tab shows known variant placements on genomic sequences: chromosomes (NC_), RefSeqGene, pseudogenes or genomic regions (NG_), and in a separate table: on transcripts (NM_) and protein sequences (NP_). The corresponding transcript and protein locations are listed in adjacent lines, along with molecular consequences from Sequence Ontology. When no protein placement is available, only the transcript is listed. Column "Codon[Amino acid]" shows the actual base change in the format of "Reference > Alternate" allele, including the nucleotide codon change in transcripts, and the amino acid change in proteins, respectively, allowing for known ribosomal slippage sites. To view nucleotides adjacent to the variant use the Genomic View at the bottom of the page - zoom into the sequence until the nucleotides around the variant become visible.

Genomic Placements
Sequence name Change
GRCh38.p14 chr 18 NC_000018.10:g.60371599T>G
GRCh37.p13 chr 18 NC_000018.9:g.58038832T>G
MC4R RefSeqGene (LRG_1346) NG_016441.1:g.6170A>C
Gene: MC4R, melanocortin 4 receptor (minus strand)
Molecule type Change Amino acid[Codon] SO Term
MC4R transcript NM_005912.3:c.751A>C I [ATT] > L [CTT] Coding Sequence Variant
melanocortin receptor 4 NP_005903.2:p.Ile251Leu I (Ile) > L (Leu) Missense Variant
Help

Clinical Significance tab shows a list of clinical significance entries from ClinVar associated with the variation, per allele. Click on the RCV accession (i.e. RCV000001615.2) or Allele ID (i.e. 12274) to access full ClinVar report.

Allele: G (allele ID: 215036 )
ClinVar Accession Disease Names Clinical Significance
RCV000202590.8 Obesity Likely-Benign
RCV000419291.8 not provided Benign-Likely-Benign
RCV000445524.5 Monogenic diabetes Benign
RCV000501342.7 not specified Likely-Benign
Help

Aliases tab displays HGVS names representing the variant placements and allele changes on genomic, transcript and protein sequences, per allele. HGVS name is an expression for reporting sequence accession and version, sequence type, position, and allele change. The column "Note" can have two values: "diff" means that there is a difference between the reference allele (variation interval) at the placement reported in HGVS name and the reference alleles reported in other HGVS names, and "rev" means that the sequence of this variation interval at the placement reported in HGVS name is in reverse orientation to the sequence(s) of this variation in other HGVS names not labeled as "rev".

Placement T= G
GRCh38.p14 chr 18 NC_000018.10:g.60371599= NC_000018.10:g.60371599T>G
GRCh37.p13 chr 18 NC_000018.9:g.58038832= NC_000018.9:g.58038832T>G
MC4R RefSeqGene (LRG_1346) NG_016441.1:g.6170= NG_016441.1:g.6170A>C
MC4R transcript NM_005912.3:c.751= NM_005912.3:c.751A>C
MC4R transcript NM_005912.2:c.751= NM_005912.2:c.751A>C
melanocortin receptor 4 NP_005903.2:p.Ile251= NP_005903.2:p.Ile251Leu
Help

Submissions tab displays variations originally submitted to dbSNP, now supporting this RefSNP cluster (rs). We display Submitter handle, Submission identifier, Date and Build number, when the submission appeared for the first time. Direct submissions to dbSNP have Submission ID in the form of an ss-prefixed number (ss#). Other supporting variations are listed in the table without ss#.

68 SubSNP, 18 Frequency, 4 ClinVar submissions
No Submitter Submission ID Date (Build)
1 AFFY ss74817933 Aug 16, 2007 (128)
2 ILLUMINA ss161062445 Dec 01, 2009 (131)
3 1000GENOMES ss237502990 Jul 15, 2010 (132)
4 NHLBI-ESP ss342475815 May 09, 2011 (134)
5 ILLUMINA ss410826712 Sep 17, 2011 (135)
6 ILLUMINA ss479444584 Sep 08, 2015 (146)
7 1000GENOMES ss491141021 May 04, 2012 (137)
8 EXOME_CHIP ss491533998 May 04, 2012 (137)
9 CLINSEQ_SNP ss491751065 May 04, 2012 (137)
10 ILLUMINA ss536234989 Sep 08, 2015 (146)
11 ILLUMINA ss780737056 Sep 08, 2015 (146)
12 ILLUMINA ss783413883 Sep 08, 2015 (146)
13 EVA-GONL ss993824733 Aug 21, 2014 (142)
14 1000GENOMES ss1361389711 Aug 21, 2014 (142)
15 EVA_GENOME_DK ss1578443285 Apr 01, 2015 (144)
16 EVA_FINRISK ss1584111391 Apr 01, 2015 (144)
17 EVA_UK10K_ALSPAC ss1637075330 Apr 01, 2015 (144)
18 EVA_UK10K_TWINSUK ss1680069363 Apr 01, 2015 (144)
19 EVA_EXAC ss1693168114 Apr 01, 2015 (144)
20 EVA_DECODE ss1697886694 Apr 01, 2015 (144)
21 EVA_MGP ss1711487866 Apr 01, 2015 (144)
22 ILLUMINA ss1752262220 Sep 08, 2015 (146)
23 ILLUMINA ss1917927937 Feb 12, 2016 (147)
24 ILLUMINA ss1946507580 Feb 12, 2016 (147)
25 ILLUMINA ss1959811357 Feb 12, 2016 (147)
26 HUMAN_LONGEVITY ss2222329216 Dec 20, 2016 (150)
27 GNOMAD ss2743324921 Nov 08, 2017 (151)
28 GNOMAD ss2749967143 Nov 08, 2017 (151)
29 GNOMAD ss2957712332 Nov 08, 2017 (151)
30 AFFY ss2985120232 Nov 08, 2017 (151)
31 SWEGEN ss3016675219 Nov 08, 2017 (151)
32 ILLUMINA ss3021851182 Nov 08, 2017 (151)
33 ILLUMINA ss3627830451 Oct 12, 2018 (152)
34 ILLUMINA ss3627830452 Oct 12, 2018 (152)
35 ILLUMINA ss3634710107 Oct 12, 2018 (152)
36 ILLUMINA ss3636400215 Oct 12, 2018 (152)
37 ILLUMINA ss3640417415 Oct 12, 2018 (152)
38 ILLUMINA ss3644707919 Oct 12, 2018 (152)
39 ILLUMINA ss3652273708 Oct 12, 2018 (152)
40 ILLUMINA ss3653892391 Oct 12, 2018 (152)
41 EGCUT_WGS ss3683522864 Jul 13, 2019 (153)
42 EVA_DECODE ss3701841214 Jul 13, 2019 (153)
43 ILLUMINA ss3725683934 Jul 13, 2019 (153)
44 ACPOP ss3742624186 Jul 13, 2019 (153)
45 ILLUMINA ss3744454830 Jul 13, 2019 (153)
46 ILLUMINA ss3745010237 Jul 13, 2019 (153)
47 PAGE_CC ss3771977469 Jul 13, 2019 (153)
48 ILLUMINA ss3772507691 Jul 13, 2019 (153)
49 EVA ss3825196495 Apr 27, 2020 (154)
50 EVA ss3825916977 Apr 27, 2020 (154)
51 EVA ss3835216656 Apr 27, 2020 (154)
52 NORTHRUP_AU ss3983909394 Apr 26, 2021 (155)
53 FSA-LAB ss3984134034 Apr 26, 2021 (155)
54 EVA ss3984450377 Apr 26, 2021 (155)
55 EVA ss3986760206 Apr 26, 2021 (155)
56 TOPMED ss5059911130 Apr 26, 2021 (155)
57 EVA ss5237670872 Oct 16, 2022 (156)
58 1000G_HIGH_COVERAGE ss5305609681 Oct 16, 2022 (156)
59 EVA ss5432006064 Oct 16, 2022 (156)
60 HUGCELL_USP ss5498347686 Oct 16, 2022 (156)
61 1000G_HIGH_COVERAGE ss5610613350 Oct 16, 2022 (156)
62 SANFORD_IMAGENETICS ss5661475187 Oct 16, 2022 (156)
63 EVA ss5827671302 Oct 16, 2022 (156)
64 EVA ss5847824513 Oct 16, 2022 (156)
65 EVA ss5848469857 Oct 16, 2022 (156)
66 EVA ss5874453515 Oct 16, 2022 (156)
67 EVA ss5936570609 Oct 16, 2022 (156)
68 EVA ss5952902360 Oct 16, 2022 (156)
69 1000Genomes NC_000018.9 - 58038832 Oct 12, 2018 (152)
70 1000Genomes_30x NC_000018.10 - 60371599 Oct 16, 2022 (156)
71 The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children NC_000018.9 - 58038832 Oct 12, 2018 (152)
72 Genetic variation in the Estonian population NC_000018.9 - 58038832 Oct 12, 2018 (152)
73 ExAC NC_000018.9 - 58038832 Oct 12, 2018 (152)
74 FINRISK NC_000018.9 - 58038832 Apr 27, 2020 (154)
75 The Danish reference pan genome NC_000018.9 - 58038832 Apr 27, 2020 (154)
76 gnomAD - Genomes NC_000018.10 - 60371599 Apr 26, 2021 (155)
77 gnomAD - Exomes NC_000018.9 - 58038832 Jul 13, 2019 (153)
78 GO Exome Sequencing Project NC_000018.9 - 58038832 Oct 12, 2018 (152)
79 Genome of the Netherlands Release 5 NC_000018.9 - 58038832 Apr 27, 2020 (154)
80 Medical Genome Project healthy controls from Spanish population NC_000018.9 - 58038832 Apr 27, 2020 (154)
81 Northern Sweden NC_000018.9 - 58038832 Jul 13, 2019 (153)
82 The PAGE Study NC_000018.10 - 60371599 Jul 13, 2019 (153)
83 MxGDAR/Encodat-PGx NC_000018.9 - 58038832 Apr 26, 2021 (155)
84 TopMed NC_000018.10 - 60371599 Apr 26, 2021 (155)
85 UK 10K study - Twins NC_000018.9 - 58038832 Oct 12, 2018 (152)
86 ALFA NC_000018.10 - 60371599 Apr 26, 2021 (155)
87 ClinVar RCV000202590.8 Oct 16, 2022 (156)
88 ClinVar RCV000419291.8 Oct 16, 2022 (156)
89 ClinVar RCV000445524.5 Oct 16, 2022 (156)
90 ClinVar RCV000501342.7 Oct 16, 2022 (156)
Help

History tab displays RefSNPs (Associated ID) from previous builds (Build) that now support the current RefSNP, and the dates, when the history was updated for each Associated ID (History Updated).

Added to this RefSNP Cluster:
Submission IDs Observation SPDI Canonical SPDI Source RSIDs
ss491751065, ss1697886694 NC_000018.8:56189811:T:G NC_000018.10:60371598:T:G (self)
74731804, 41418530, 29261112, 3641320, 107852, 4633748, 12638337, 1653508, 18450374, 603626, 15909051, 3378, 41418530, ss237502990, ss342475815, ss479444584, ss491141021, ss491533998, ss536234989, ss780737056, ss783413883, ss993824733, ss1361389711, ss1578443285, ss1584111391, ss1637075330, ss1680069363, ss1693168114, ss1711487866, ss1752262220, ss1917927937, ss1946507580, ss1959811357, ss2743324921, ss2749967143, ss2957712332, ss2985120232, ss3016675219, ss3021851182, ss3627830451, ss3627830452, ss3634710107, ss3636400215, ss3640417415, ss3644707919, ss3652273708, ss3653892391, ss3683522864, ss3742624186, ss3744454830, ss3745010237, ss3772507691, ss3825196495, ss3825916977, ss3835216656, ss3983909394, ss3984134034, ss3984450377, ss3986760206, ss5432006064, ss5661475187, ss5827671302, ss5847824513, ss5848469857, ss5936570609, ss5952902360 NC_000018.9:58038831:T:G NC_000018.10:60371598:T:G (self)
RCV000202590.8, RCV000419291.8, RCV000445524.5, RCV000501342.7, 98139285, 527164266, 1198938, 275456793, 8964996204, ss2222329216, ss3701841214, ss3725683934, ss3771977469, ss5059911130, ss5237670872, ss5305609681, ss5498347686, ss5610613350, ss5874453515 NC_000018.10:60371598:T:G NC_000018.10:60371598:T:G (self)
ss74817933, ss161062445, ss410826712 NT_025028.14:5829695:T:G NC_000018.10:60371598:T:G (self)
Help

Publications tab displays PubMed articles citing the variation as a listing of PMID, Title, Author, Year, Journal, ordered by Year, descending.

11 citations for rs52820871
PMID Title Author Year Journal
10199800 Several mutations in the melanocortin-4 receptor gene including a nonsense and a frameshift mutation associated with dominantly inherited obesity in humans. Hinney A et al. 1999 The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
12646666 Binge eating as a major phenotype of melanocortin 4 receptor gene mutations. Branson R et al. 2003 The New England journal of medicine
15037865 Binge-eating episodes are not characteristic of carriers of melanocortin-4 receptor gene mutations. Hebebrand J et al. 2004 Molecular psychiatry
20127379 From monogenic to polygenic obesity: recent advances. Hinney A et al. 2010 European child & adolescent psychiatry
23049848 Association between common polymorphism near the MC4R gene and obesity risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Xi B et al. 2012 PloS one
24820477 Genetic association study of adiposity and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) common variants: replication and functional characterization of non-coding regions. Evans DS et al. 2014 PloS one
25741868 Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Richards S et al. 2015 Genetics in medicine
26474449 Practical Experience of the Application of a Weighted Burden Test to Whole Exome Sequence Data for Obesity and Schizophrenia. Curtis D et al. 2016 Annals of human genetics
26788538 Allelic variants of the Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene in a South African study group. Logan M et al. 2016 Molecular genetics & genomic medicine
32921795 Obesity treatment effect in Danish children and adolescents carrying Melanocortin-4 Receptor mutations. Trier C et al. 2021 International journal of obesity (2005)
33362866 Identification of a Rare and Potential Pathogenic MC4R Variant in a Brazilian Patient With Adulthood-Onset Severe Obesity. Salum KCR et al. 2020 Frontiers in genetics
Help

The Flanks tab provides retrieving flanking sequences of a SNP on all molecules that have placements.

Genome context:
Select flank length:

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products
Top Help

NCBI Graphical Sequence Viewer display of the genomic region, transcripts and protein products for the reported RefSNP (rs).
Use the zoom option to view the nucleotides around the RefSNP and find other neighboring RefSNPs.
Visit Sequence Viewer for help with navigating inside the display and modifying the selection of displayed data tracks.

Software version is: 2.0.1.post820+afb47a3d