PMC

(A) Two oligonucleotide probes Cole1 and Cole6 were designed matching conserved regions of Coleus blumei viroid 1. Black bars are high-scoring segment pairs (HSP) from the BLASTN alignments of the other Coleviroids to Coleus blumei viroid 1 (X95291). Red bars are the alignments of Cole1 and Cole6 to Coleus blumei viroid 1. (B) Pseudo-color image of Coleus blumei viroid 1 hybridization on the microarray. All probes with feature signal intensity minus background signal intensity more than 1500 are marked on the images. HEX, positive control (PC) and negative control (NC) are marked on the image. (C) Feature and background signal intensities of all the viroid probes on the microarray. Probes targeting Coleviroid genera are depicted as red triangles. Other probes are depicted as black circles. (D) Sequence alignment of Coleviroid probes Cole1, Cole4 and Cole6 with the Coleus blumei viroid 1 (KC581915) sequenced by CAAS-IPP, and Coleus blumei viroid 1 (CbVd 1, X95291) and Coleus blumei viroid 6 (CbVd 6, NC_012805) genomic sequences from NCBI.

A Simultaneous occurrence of parasitic crustaceans (Cymothoa frontalis, Lernanthropus tylosuri, Caligodes lacinatus and Bomolochus bellones, Dermoergasilus coleus) parasitizing the fish Strongylura strongylura B Levels of single, double, triple and quadruple crustacean parasitism on the fish Strongylura strongylura C Double parasitism on the fish Strongylura strongylura – different combinations is represented in percentage D Triple parasitism on the fish Strongylura strongylura – different combinations is represented in percentage E Quadruple parasitism on the fish Strongylura strongylura – different combinations is represented in percentage. Legends: CL – Cymothoa frontalis and Lernanthropus tylosuri; CCl – Cymothoa frontalis and Caligodes lacinatus; CB – Cymothoa frontalis and Bomolochus bellones; LCl – Lernanthropus tylosuri and Caligodes lacinatus; LB – Lernanthropus tylosuri and Bomolochus bellones; CLCl – Cymothoa frontalis, Lernanthropus tylosuri and Caligodes lacinatus; CLB – Cymothoa frontalis, Lernanthropus tylosuri and Bomolochus bellones; CLD – Cymothoa frontalis, Lernanthropus tylosuri and Dermoergasilus coleus; LClD – Lernanthropus tylosuri, Caligodes lacinatus and Dermoergasilus coleus; CLBD – Cymothoa frontalis, Lernanthropus tylosuri, Bomolochus bellones and Dermoergasilus coleus; CClBD – Cymothoa frontalis, Caligodes lacinatus, Bomolochus bellones and Dermoergasilus coleus.

X-ray diffraction peaks of Coleus forskohlii extract

Coleus forsteri (Benth.) A.J. Paton (2019). Photos by Dr Edouard Hnawia.