MeSH

Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. Free radicals include reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.

Year introduced: 1976(1967)

Substances that eliminate free radicals. Among other effects, they protect PANCREATIC ISLETS against damage by CYTOKINES and prevent myocardial and pulmonary REPERFUSION INJURY.

Year introduced: 1991

A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation or other separation techniques must first be isolated so that a process can be studied free from all of the complex side reactions that occur in a cell. The cell-free system is therefore widely used in cell biology. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p166)

Year introduced: 1991(1967)

Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease.

Year introduced: 1995

CULTURE MEDIA free of serum proteins but including the minimal essential substances required for cell growth. This type of medium avoids the presence of extraneous substances that may affect cell proliferation or unwanted activation of cells.

Year introduced: 1992

Animals or humans raised in the absence of a particular disease-causing virus or other microorganism. Less frequently plants are cultivated pathogen-free.

Year introduced: 1993

Length of time during and after the treatment of a disease, such as cancer, that a patient lives with the disease but the disease does not get worse.

Year introduced: 2019

Prohibition against tobacco smoking in specific areas to control TOBACCO SMOKE POLLUTION.

Year introduced: 2013

A mass of tissue that has been cut away from its surrounding areas to be used in TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION.

Year introduced: 2011

A diet which is devoid of GLUTENS from WHEAT; BARLEY; RYE; and other wheat-related varieties. The diet is designed to reduce exposure to those proteins in gluten that trigger INFLAMMATION of the small intestinal mucosa in patients with CELIAC DISEASE.

Year introduced: 2009

Animals not contaminated by or associated with any foreign organisms.

Spontaneous verbalization of whatever comes to mind.

Year introduced: 1969

Nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) found circulating in SERUM; PLASMA; or other BODY FLUIDS.

Year introduced: 2018

Free-standing facilities that provide prenatal, childbirth, and postnatal care and usually incorporate family-centered maternity care concepts and practices.

Year introduced: 1992

Support structures, made from natural or synthetic materials, that are implanted below the URETHRA to treat URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.

Year introduced: 2007

Healthcare setting managed by medical personnel in training.

Year introduced: 2017

The combination of hemodialysis and hemofiltration either simultaneously or sequentially. Convective transport (hemofiltration) may be better for removal of larger molecular weight substances and diffusive transport (hemodialysis) for smaller molecular weight solutes.

Year introduced: 1994

FATTY ACIDS found in the plasma that are complexed with SERUM ALBUMIN for transport. These fatty acids are not in glycerol ester form.

Year introduced: 1968(1966)

The treatment of patients without the use of allogeneic BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS or blood products.

Year introduced: 2011

A diet that contains limited amounts of protein. It is prescribed in some cases to slow the progression of renal failure. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

Year introduced: 1995