MeSH

A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.

A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)

A group of carrier proteins which bind with VITAMIN B12 in the BLOOD and aid in its transport. Transcobalamin I migrates electrophoretically as a beta-globulin, while transcobalamins II and III migrate as alpha-globulins.

Year introduced: 1984(1975)

A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.

Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.

Year introduced: 1974(1972)

Cellular uptake of vitamin B(12) (cobalamin, Cbl) is mediated by a receptor expressed on the plasma membrane that binds transcobalamin with Cbl and internalizes the TC-Cbl by endocytosis

Date introduced: March 11, 2005

consists of above 3 cpds

Date introduced: October 8, 1985

drinkable solution of iron & vitamins to prevent iron deficiency anemia; contains ferricammonium citrate (6.0 g), copper sulfate (1.0 g), vitamin A palmitate (700,000 U.I.), vitamin D1(3) (230,000 U.I.), vitamin E acetate (370.0 U.I.), vitamin K(3) (280.0 mg), vitamin B(1) (230.0 mg), vitamin B(2) (700 mg), calcium pantothenate (4.6 g), niacin (7.0 g), vitamin B(12) (3.5 mg), neomycin sulfate (5.8 g), & glucose (500.0 g)

Date introduced: May 28, 1980

for treatment of alcoholic delerium tremors & acute attacks of alcoholic toxic hepatitis; dimaestad contains less vitamin B-12 than the plus form

Date introduced: January 1, 1976

A neuropathy due to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY or to excessive NITROUS OXIDE inhalation. It is associated with overproduction of the myelinolytic TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA.

Year introduced: 2007

Red blood cell precursors, corresponding to ERYTHROBLASTS, that are larger than normal, usually resulting from a FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY or VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.

Year introduced: 1991(1975)

A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)

Year introduced: 1966(1964)

A megaloblastic anemia occurring in children but more commonly in later life, characterized by histamine-fast achlorhydria, in which the laboratory and clinical manifestations are based on malabsorption of vitamin B 12 due to a failure of the gastric mucosa to secrete adequate and potent intrinsic factor. (Dorland, 27th ed)

vitamin B 12 antagonist

Date introduced: December 11, 1991

from sewage sludge; structure given in first source

Date introduced: April 17, 1987

from sewage sludge; structure given in first source

Date introduced: April 17, 1987

Date introduced: March 12, 1987

from ileal brush border; glycoprotein MW 23,400; releases intrinsic factor from vitamin B 12 in intestinal tract

Date introduced: January 21, 1983

2 vial sets containing dexamethasone, phenylbutazone, vitamin B 12, aminopyrine & thiamine; also available in suppositories & tablets; used for treatment of rheumatism

Date introduced: December 28, 1982