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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.
Year introduced: 2005
Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 3
A receptor activity-modifying protein that heterodimerizes with CALCITONIN RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN to form the ADRENOMEDULLIN RECEPTOR. In addition, an isoform of the ISLET AMYLOID POLYPEPTIDE RECEPTOR is formed from this protein dimerizing with the CALCITONIN RECEPTOR.
Year introduced: 2011
Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 2
Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 1
A receptor activity-modifying protein that is a subunit of specific G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS. The CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE RECEPTOR is formed from a dimer of this protein and CALCITONIN RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN, while an isoform of the ISLET AMYLOID POLYPEPTIDE RECEPTOR is formed from this protein dimerizing with the CALCITONIN RECEPTOR.
Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 2
A retinoblastoma binding protein that is also a member of the Jumonji-domain histone demethylases. It has demethylation activity towards specific LYSINE residues found on HISTONE H3.
Year introduced: 2010
Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein
A NOD signaling adaptor protein that contains two C-terminal leucine-rich domains which recognize bacterial PEPTIDOGLYCAN. It signals via an N-terminal capase recruitment domain that interacts with other CARD SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS such as RIP SERINE-THEONINE KINASES. The protein plays a role in the host defense response by signaling the activation of CASPASES and the MAP KINASE SIGNALING SYSTEM. Mutations of the gene encoding the nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 protein have been associated with increased susceptibility to CROHN DISEASE.
Year introduced: 2007
Intracellular Calcium-Sensing Proteins
Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins that bind to CALCIUM. They undergo allosteric changes when bound to CALCIUM that affects their interaction with other signal-transducing molecules. They differ from CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTORS which sense extracellular calcium levels.
Year introduced: 2006
Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
A large group of proteins that control APOPTOSIS. This family of proteins includes many ONCOGENE PROTEINS as well as a wide variety of classes of INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS such as CASPASES.
Ternary Complex Factors
A subclass of c-ets proto-oncogene proteins that were first described by their property of binding to DNA when associated with other regulatory proteins such as SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR. They contain an amino-terminal ets domain that binds to DNA along with centrally located SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR interacting domain, and carboxy-terminal map kinase activation domains. They play an important role in transcriptional regulation by INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins
Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins that bind directly or indirectly to the cytoplasmic portion of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTORS.
Year introduced: 2005(1994)
Ion Channels
Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for ION CHANNEL GATING can be due to a variety of stimuli such as LIGANDS, a TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, mechanical deformation or through INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.
Year introduced: 1979
Secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins
Soluble and secreted frizzled-related proteins which function as modulators of WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY.
Year introduced: 2023
Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif Proteins
A family of signal transducing adaptor proteins that are similar in structure and function to YAP-SIGNALING PROTEINS. They are components of the HIPPO-SIGNALING PATHWAY, and may act as transcriptional co-activators for TEAD TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.
Year introduced: 2022
Angiomotins
A class of intracellular signaling proteins that were originally identified as inhibitors of ANGIOSTATIN activity. They play a role in cell signaling pathways such as those involving G-PROTEINS and the HIPPO-SIGNALING PATHWAY.
Doublecortin-Like Kinases
A family of doublecortin domain-containing serine-threonine kinases that were originally identified in neuronal cells.
WNK Lysine-Deficient Protein Kinase 1
A serine-threonine kinase which plays an important role in the regulation of electrolyte homeostasis, cell signaling, survival, and proliferation. It functions as an activator and inhibitor of sodium-coupled chloride co-transporters and as an inhibitor of potassium-coupled chloride co-transporters. Mutations in the WNK1 gene are associated with type 2C PSEUDOHYPOALDOSTERONISM and type 2A HEREDITARY SENSORY AND AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHIES.
Year introduced: 2018
Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein
A neuronal protein consisting of three PDZ DOMAINS, an SH3 DOMAIN, and a C-terminal guanylate kinase-like region (see MAGUK PROTEINS). It localizes to the POST-SYNAPTIC DENSITY and associates with the cytoplasmic tail of NMDA RECEPTORS and SHAKER POTASSIUM CHANNELS, playing a critical role in NMDA receptor-mediated SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY.
Inhibitor of Growth Protein 1
A nuclear protein and tumor suppressor that contains a C-terminal PHD ZINC FINGER. It is expressed in different isoforms in various tissues and interacts with TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53 to negatively regulate cell growth. Reduced expression and chromosomal rearrangements of the ING1 gene are associated with different cancers including HEAD AND NECK NEOPLASMS.
Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha-Induced Protein 3
A UBIQUITIN editing enzyme that functions as both a ubiquitin ligase and deubiquitinase. It contains several ZINC FINGERS and functions in the immune response and INFLAMMATION by modulating signals from TNF-ALPHA; IL1-BETA; or pathogens via TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS to terminate NF-KAPPA B activity.
Year introduced: 2017
Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1
An adaptor protein characterized by an N-terminal BTB-POZ DOMAIN and six KELCH REPEATS that functions as a substrate for the E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE complex. It negatively-regulates NF-E2-RELATED FACTOR 2 by targeting it for ubiquitination and degradation by the PROTEASOME. It also represses genes regulated by ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE ELEMENTS.